Transcriptional Responses to ppGpp and DksA.

Transcriptional Responses to ppGpp and DksA.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-micro-090817-062444
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发表时间:
2018-09-08
影响因子:
10.5
通讯作者:
Ross W
Ross W
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gourse RL;Chen AY;Gopalkrishnan S;Sanchez-Vazquez P;Myers A;Ross W

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对营养缺乏的严紧反应是在整个细菌生命领域中都存在的一种应激反应。尽管最初是在变形菌中被描述,用于使核糖体合成与细胞的翻译状态相匹配以及防止有缺陷的核糖体颗粒形成,但这种反应实际上更为广泛,调控着数百个基因——有些是正向调控,有些是负向调控。为此目的利用信号分子ppGpp和pppGpp在细菌进化中是普遍存在的,尽管所采用的机制各不相同。在变形菌中,信号分子通常结合在RNA聚合酶的两个位点上,一个在β′和ω亚基的界面处,一个在β′次级通道和转录因子DksA的界面处。β′次级通道也被其他转录调节因子作为靶点。尽管对严紧反应转录产物的研究至少可以追溯到50年前,但相关机制现在才开始受到关注。
The stringent response to nutrient deprivation is a stress response found throughout the bacterial domain of life. Although first described in proteobacteria for matching ribosome synthesis to the cell’s translation status and for preventing formation of defective ribosomal particles, the response is actually much broader, regulating many hundreds of genes—some positively, some negatively. Utilization of the signaling molecules ppGpp and pppGpp for this purpose is ubiquitous in bacterial evolution, although the mechanisms employed vary. In proteobacteria, the signaling molecules typically bind to two sites on RNA polymerase, one at the interface of the β′ and ω subunits and one at the interface of β′ secondary channel and the transcription factor DksA. The β′ secondary channel is targeted by other transcription regulators as well. Although studies on the transcriptional outputs of the stringent response date back at least 50 years, the mechanisms responsible are only now coming into focus.
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