Plasticity in Cervical Motor Circuits following Spinal Cord Injury and Rehabilitation.
Plasticity in Cervical Motor Circuits following Spinal Cord Injury and Rehabilitation.
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DOI：
10.3390/biology10100976
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发表时间：
2021-09-28
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Detloff MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Walker JR;Detloff MR
脊髓损伤导致生活质量下降，仅在美国就影响数十万人。这篇综述讨论了潜在的细胞损伤机制和阻碍恢复的并发治疗障碍。然后，它描述了神经可塑性的现象-神经系统的能力，以改变。主要重点审查的影响颈脊髓损伤的上肢控制。神经可塑性，没有干预的情况下发生的讨论，这表明新的连接周围的损伤部位和代偿运动的参与。重复驱动的神经可塑性被证明有能力引导连接创造更多的正常功能。各种新的刺激和记录技术概述了他们的作用，进一步改善康复的结果和收益的独立性。最后，感觉输入的重要性，一个经常被忽视的方面，电机控制，显示在驱动神经可塑性。总之，本文综述了损伤后神经可塑性的历史和当代研究，以指导未来的研究。神经可塑性是中枢神经系统试图适应神经元之间功能连接的结构或化学破坏的强大机制。来自脊髓损伤的机械损伤通过神经炎症增强，并可导致神经回路的异常变化，称为适应不良可塑性。总之，这些改变大大降低了功能和生活质量。这篇综述讨论了当代的努力，利用神经可塑性，通过康复和神经调节，以恢复功能，重点是运动恢复颈脊髓损伤后。背景信息的可塑性和长时程增强的神经系统，最好的学习和记忆领域的研究，一般机制将进行审查。自发可塑性的神经系统，无论是适应不良和自然恢复脊髓损伤后概述提供一个基线，从康复建设。以前的研究集中在下行运动指令对驱动脊髓可塑性的影响上。然而，这篇综述的重点是物理治疗和初级传入输入和中间神经元调制的影响，在脊髓内驱动可塑性。最后，未来的方向到以前非靶向初级传入人群。
Spinal cord injury results in a decreased quality of life and impacts hundreds of thousands of people in the US alone. This review discusses the underlying cellular mechanisms of injury and the concurrent therapeutic hurdles that impede recovery. It then describes the phenomena of neural plasticity—the nervous system’s ability to change. The primary focus of the review is on the impact of cervical spinal cord injury on control of the upper limbs. The neural plasticity that occurs without intervention is discussed, which shows new connections growing around the injury site and the involvement of compensatory movements. Rehabilitation-driven neural plasticity is shown to have the ability to guide connections to create more normal functions. Various novel stimulation and recording technologies are outlined for their role in further improving rehabilitative outcomes and gains in independence. Finally, the importance of sensory input, an often-overlooked aspect of motor control, is shown in driving neural plasticity. Overall, this review seeks to delineate the historical and contemporary research into neural plasticity following injury and rehabilitation to guide future studies. Neuroplasticity is a robust mechanism by which the central nervous system attempts to adapt to a structural or chemical disruption of functional connections between neurons. Mechanical damage from spinal cord injury potentiates via neuroinflammation and can cause aberrant changes in neural circuitry known as maladaptive plasticity. Together, these alterations greatly diminish function and quality of life. This review discusses contemporary efforts to harness neuroplasticity through rehabilitation and neuromodulation to restore function with a focus on motor recovery following cervical spinal cord injury. Background information on the general mechanisms of plasticity and long-term potentiation of the nervous system, most well studied in the learning and memory fields, will be reviewed. Spontaneous plasticity of the nervous system, both maladaptive and during natural recovery following spinal cord injury is outlined to provide a baseline from which rehabilitation builds. Previous research has focused on the impact of descending motor commands in driving spinal plasticity. However, this review focuses on the influence of physical therapy and primary afferent input and interneuron modulation in driving plasticity within the spinal cord. Finally, future directions into previously untargeted primary afferent populations are presented.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2428-10.2010
发表时间：
2010-11-03
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bedi SS;Yang Q;Crook RJ;Du J;Wu Z;Fishman HM;Grill RJ;Carlton SM;Walters ET
通讯作者：
Walters ET
影响因子：
3
作者：
Ballermann, M;Metz, GAS;Whishaw, IQ
通讯作者：
Whishaw, IQ
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
Anderson, Kim D.;Bryden, Anne M.;Moynahan, Megan
通讯作者：
Moynahan, Megan
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
BLISS, TVP;LOMO, T
通讯作者：
LOMO, T
影响因子：
82.9
作者：
Courtine, Gregoire;Song, Bingbing;Sofroniew, Michael V.
通讯作者：
Sofroniew, Michael V.