Role of volatiles in highly explosive basaltic eruptions

Role of volatiles in highly explosive basaltic eruptions
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挥发物在高爆炸性玄武岩喷发中的作用

DOI:
10.1038/s43247-022-00479-6
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
7.9
通讯作者:
Clarke, Amanda B.
Clarke, Amanda B.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
La Spina, Giuseppe;Arzilli, Fabio;Burton, Mike R.;Polacci, Margherita;Clarke, Amanda B.

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水和二氧化碳是陆地岩浆中最丰富的挥发性成分。当它们溶解成岩浆蒸气时,它们会促进岩浆浮力,加速上升并调节喷发动力。人们普遍认为,喷发前挥发物含量的增加会导致喷发强度的增加。使用覆盖管道上部 6 公里的玄武岩喷发管道模型,我们表明,在相同的腔室条件下,大规模喷发率不受 CO2 含量的影响,而 H2O 增加至 10 wt.% 会使喷发率增加一个数量级。只有当从外部源将二氧化碳注入岩浆库时,所产生的增压才会导致喷发率大幅增加。结果还表明,上升速度和破碎深度受到喷发前挥发物含量的强烈影响,表明挥发物含量和喷发类型之间存在联系。
Water and carbon dioxide are the most abundant volatile components in terrestrial magmas. As they exsolve into magmatic vapour, they promote magma buoyancy, accelerating ascent and modulating eruptive dynamics. It is commonly thought that an increase in pre-eruptive volatile content produces an increase in eruption intensity. Using a conduit model for basaltic eruptions, covering the upper 6 km of conduit, we show that for the same chamber conditions mass eruption rate is not affected by CO2content, whereas an increase in H2O up to 10 wt.% produces an increase in eruption rate of an order of magnitude. It is only when CO2is injected in the magma reservoir from an external source that the resulting pressurisation will generate a strong increase in eruption rate. Results also show that ascent velocity and fragmentation depth are strongly affected by pre-eruptive volatile contents demonstrating a link between volatile content and eruptive style.
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