Ambient mixing ratios of atmospheric halogenated compounds at five background stations in China
Ambient mixing ratios of atmospheric halogenated compounds at five background stations in China
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我国5个背景站大气卤代化合物环境混合比
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.04.017
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发表时间：
2017-07
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Stefan Reimann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gen Zhang;Bo Yao;Martin K. Vollmer;Stephen A. Montzka;Jens Mühle;Ray F. Weiss;Simon O'Doherty;Yi Li;Shuangxi Fang;Stefan Reimann
2011年1月至2012年12月，在五个中国背景站对三种氯氟碳化合物(CFC)、三种氢氯氟碳化合物(HCFC)、六种氢氟碳化合物(HFC)、三种全氟碳化合物(PFC)和六氟化硫(SF6)进行了高精度测量。它们在背景空气中的站平均值为239.5±0.69万亿分之干燥空气摩尔分数混合CFC-11 的比率 (ppt)、CFC-12 的 536.5 ± 1.49 ppt、CFC-113 的 74.66 ± 0.09 ppt、HCFC-22 的 232.1 ± 4.77 ppt、HCFC-141b 的 23.78 ± 0.29 ppt、 HCFC-142b 为 22.92 ± 0.42 ppt，HFC-125 为 11.75 ± 0.43 ppt，HFC-134a 为 71.32 ± 1.35 ppt，HFC-143a 为 13.62 ± 0.43 ppt，HFC-143a 为 9.10 ± 1.26 ppt HFC-152a，HFC-23 为 25.45 ± 0.1 ppt，HFC-32 为 7.28 ± 0.48 ppt，PFC-116 为 4.32 ± 0.03 ppt，PFC-218 为 0.63 ± 0.04 ppt，PFC-218 为 1.36 ± 0.01 ppt PFC-318 和 SF6 分别为 7.67 ± 0.03 ppt，与两个北半球 (NH) AGAGE 站测量的结果相当：爱尔兰梅斯海德 (MHD) 和美国加利福尼亚州特立尼达角 (THD)。与前几年在 SDZ 的现场测量结果相比，CFCs 的背景空气混合比现在正在下降，而 HCFCs、HFCs、PFCs 和 SF6 的背景空气混合比仍在增加。发现测得的混合比高于背景（污染事件）的采样事件数量相对于 CFC、HCFC 和 HFC 的总采样频率 (POL/SUM) 的比率与站点相关，通常是 LAN > SDZ > LFS > XGL > WLG。增强效果（△，污染混合比减去背景混合比）通常表现出不同的模式，五个站点的 HCFC (40.7–175.4 ppt) > HFC (15.8–66.3 ppt)> CFC (15.8–33.8 ppt)> PFC (0.1–0.9 ppt)，尤其是 HCFC-22，范围为 36.9 ppt至 138.2 ppt。结合分子量，我们的研究结果表明，与 HFC 和 CFC 相比，这些中国工厂周边地区 HCFC 的排放量最大，而 PFC 的排放量最小，这与中国逐步淘汰 CFC 并用 HCFC 替代的情况一致。此外，中国这些卤代烃的相对排放强度（排放量以摩尔分数表示）推断为：长三角地区为 HCFC-22 > HCFC-141b > HFC-134a > HCFC-142b，北方地区为 HCFC-22 > HCFC-142b > HCFC-141b ≈ HFC-134a中国平原（NCP）。
High precision measurements of three chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), three hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), six hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), three perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) were made at five Chinese background stations from January 2011 to December 2012. Their station means in the background air were 239.5 ± 0.69 parts-per-trillion dry-air mole fraction mixing ratios (ppt) for CFC-11, 536.5 ± 1.49 ppt for CFC-12, 74.66 ± 0.09 ppt for CFC-113, 232.1 ± 4.77 ppt for HCFC-22, 23.78 ± 0.29 ppt for HCFC-141b, 22.92 ± 0.42 ppt for HCFC-142b, 11.75 ± 0.43 ppt for HFC-125, 71.32 ± 1.35 ppt for HFC-134a, 13.62 ± 0.43 ppt for HFC-143a, 9.10 ± 1.26 ppt for HFC-152a, 25.45 ± 0.1 ppt for HFC-23, 7.28 ± 0.48 ppt for HFC-32, 4.32 ± 0.03 ppt for PFC-116, 0.63 ± 0.04 ppt for PFC-218, 1.36 ± 0.01 ppt for PFC-318, and 7.67 ± 0.03 ppt for SF6, respectively, which were comparable with those measured at the two Northern Hemisphere (NH) AGAGE stations: Mace Head, Ireland (MHD) and Trinidad Head, California, USA (THD). Compared with our results for earlier years from in-situ measurement at SDZ, background-air mixing ratios of CFCs are now declining, while those for HCFCs, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6are still increasing. The ratios of the number of sampling events in which measured mixing ratios were elevated above background (pollution events) relative to the total sample frequency (POL/SUM) for CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs were found to be station dependent, generally LAN > SDZ > LFS > XGL > WLG. The enhancement (△, polluted mixing ratios minus background mixing ratios) generally show distinct patterns, with HCFCs (40.7–175.4 ppt) > HFCs (15.8–66.3 ppt)> CFCs (15.8–33.8 ppt)> PFCs (0.1–0.9 ppt) at five stations, especially for HCFC-22 ranging from 36.9 ppt to 138.2 ppt. Combining with the molecular weights, our findings imply biggest emissions of HCFCs in the regions around these Chinese sites compared to HFCs and CFCs, while the smallest of PFCs, consistent with CFCs being phased out and replaced with HCFCs in China. In addition, relative emission strengths (emission was expressed by mole fractions) of these halocarbons in China were inferred as HCFC-22 > HCFC-141b > HFC-134a > HCFC-142b for the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and as HCFC-22 > HCFC-142b > HCFC-141b ≈ HFC-134a in the North China Plain (NCP).
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影响因子：
5
作者：
X. An;Ling-xi Zhou;B. Yao;Lin Xu;Lin Ma
通讯作者：
X. An;Ling-xi Zhou;B. Yao;Lin Xu;Lin Ma
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2006
期刊：
Earth and Environment
影响因子：
--
作者：
Z. Fang;Wang Xin-ming;Yi Zhi-gang;Fu Jiamo
通讯作者：
Z. Fang;Wang Xin-ming;Yi Zhi-gang;Fu Jiamo
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Fang, Xuekun;Hu, Xia;Hu, Jianxin
通讯作者：
Hu, Jianxin
影响因子：
5
作者：
A. Mcculloch;A. Lindley
通讯作者：
A. Mcculloch;A. Lindley
影响因子：
5
作者：
X. Fang;Jing Wu;S. Su;Jiarui Han;Yusheng Wu;Yehong Shi;D. Wan;Xuezhi Sun;Jianbo Zhang
通讯作者：
X. Fang;Jing Wu;S. Su;Jiarui Han;Yusheng Wu;Yehong Shi;D. Wan;Xuezhi Sun;Jianbo Zhang