Lucy's flat feet: the relationship between the ankle and rearfoot arching in early hominins.
Lucy's flat feet: the relationship between the ankle and rearfoot arching in early hominins.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0014432
复制
发表时间：
2010-12-28
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Throckmorton ZJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DeSilva JM;Throckmorton ZJ
在上更新世，古人类的脚从抓握的附肢进化为僵硬的推进杠杆。这一转变的核心是纵弓的发展，这种结构有助于在双足运动过程中储存弹性能量并加强足部的硬度。然而，由于软组织未能形成化石，足弓进化的直接证据有些难以捉摸。古人类学家依赖足弓发育的足迹和骨骼相关因素，尽管对于足弓何时进化还没有达成共识。在这里，我们提供了来自现代人类 (n = 261) 的 X 光照片的证据，表明矢状面中远端胫骨的集合（以下称为胫骨弓角）与后足弓形有关。非人类灵长类动物具有向后指向的胫骨弓角，而大多数人类具有向前指向的胫骨弓角。那些胫骨弓角朝后的人（8%）的距跟角和距骨偏角明显较低，这都是无症状平足的衡量标准。将这些结果应用于古人类化石记录表明，南方古猿阿法种进化出了发育良好的后足弓。然而，与今天的人类一样，南方古猿种群在足部形态和足弓发育方面表现出个体差异，而“露西”（A.L. 288-1），一只 3.18 密尔龄的雌性南方古猿，可能患有无症状的扁平足。来自上更新世的其他远端胫骨显示出胫骨弓角的变化，包括两个早期人胫骨，它们也具有稍微向后的胫骨弓角。这项研究发现后足弓存在于南方古猿属中。然而，雌性南方古猿阿法种“露西”的脚踝形态与非病理性扁平足一致。这项研究表明，就像今天的人类一样，上里奥-更新世古人类的足弓发育存在差异。
In the Plio-Pleistocene, the hominin foot evolved from a grasping appendage to a stiff, propulsive lever. Central to this transition was the development of the longitudinal arch, a structure that helps store elastic energy and stiffen the foot during bipedal locomotion. Direct evidence for arch evolution, however, has been somewhat elusive given the failure of soft-tissue to fossilize. Paleoanthropologists have relied on footprints and bony correlates of arch development, though little consensus has emerged as to when the arch evolved. Here, we present evidence from radiographs of modern humans (n = 261) that the set of the distal tibia in the sagittal plane, henceforth referred to as the tibial arch angle, is related to rearfoot arching. Non-human primates have a posteriorly directed tibial arch angle, while most humans have an anteriorly directed tibial arch angle. Those humans with a posteriorly directed tibial arch angle (8%) have significantly lower talocalcaneal and talar declination angles, both measures of an asymptomatic flatfoot. Application of these results to the hominin fossil record reveals that a well developed rearfoot arch had evolved in Australopithecus afarensis. However, as in humans today, Australopithecus populations exhibited individual variation in foot morphology and arch development, and “Lucy” (A.L. 288-1), a 3.18 Myr-old female Australopithecus, likely possessed asymptomatic flat feet. Additional distal tibiae from the Plio-Pleistocene show variation in tibial arch angles, including two early Homo tibiae that also have slightly posteriorly directed tibial arch angles. This study finds that the rearfoot arch was present in the genus Australopithecus. However, the female Australopithecus afarensis “Lucy” has an ankle morphology consistent with non-pathological flat-footedness. This study suggests that, as in humans today, there was variation in arch development in Plio-Pleistocene hominins.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Bennett, Matthew R.;Harris, John W. K.;Gonzalez, Silvia
通讯作者：
Gonzalez, Silvia
影响因子：
--
作者：
Berillon, G.
通讯作者：
Berillon, G.
影响因子：
0.6
作者：
Harris, Edwin J
通讯作者：
Harris, Edwin J
影响因子：
5
作者：
Dunn, JE;Link, CL;McKinlay, JB
通讯作者：
McKinlay, JB
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
DeSilva, Jeremy M.
通讯作者：
DeSilva, Jeremy M.