Characterizing present and future drought changes over eastern China

Characterizing present and future drought changes over eastern China
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表征中国东部当前和未来的干旱变化

DOI:
10.1002/joc.4987
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发表时间:
2017-01
期刊:
International Journal of Climatology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sun J. Q.
Sun J. Q.
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen H. P.;Sun J. Q.

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本研究的目的是利用观测和耦合模式相互比较项目第五阶段(CMIP 5)模拟来表征中国东部地区现在和未来的干旱变化。我们使用标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)来描述3个月和12个月时间尺度的干旱。利用SPEI上的旋转经验正交函数(Rounded Empirical Orthogonal Function,Rounds)对干旱区的空间格局进行了识别。我们的研究结果确定了三个DR集中在中国北方(DR 1),中国东北(DR 2)和中国南方(DR 3)。近几十年来,这些地区的干旱有所增加。大多数CMIP 5模型重现了至少两个DR。旋转后的结果表明,这三个DR可以共同解释46-68%的SPEI方差(相比之下,观察值约为60%)。在本研究分析的33个CMIP 5模型中,13个模型很好地模拟了所有三个DR,并显示出很强的相关性模式(>0.5)。进一步的分析表明,CMIP 5的外部自然和温室气体强迫试验都再现了DR,这表明自然变率和人类活动在DR的形成中起着重要作用。随着气候变暖的持续,中国东部地区的三个DR将持续存在。尽管干旱变化的不确定性主要取决于潜在的蒸散方法,气候模式的结果表明,在变暖的情景下,干旱会加剧。到世纪末,严重干旱的可能性增加:在RCP4.5中,DR 1为33%,DR 2为25%,DR 3为34%,在RCP8.5情景中,基于SPEI估计的Thornthwaite方法几乎翻了一番。
This study aimed to characterize present and future drought changes over eastern China using observations and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) simulations. We used the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) to characterize droughts at the timescales of 3‐ and 12‐month. We distinguished the spatial patterns of drought regimes (DRs) using the rotated empirical orthogonal function (EOF) on the SPEI. Our results identified three DRs centered in northern China (DR1), northeastern China (DR2), and southern China (DR3). Droughts in these regimes have increased in recent decades. Most CMIP5 models reproduce at least two of the DRs. The rotated EOF results indicate that the three DRs can jointly explain 46–68% of the SPEI variance (compared with approximately 60% in the observations). Among the 33 CMIP5 models analysed in this study, 13 simulated all three DRs well and showed a strong correlation pattern (>0.5). Further analysis indicated that both the external natural and greenhouse gas forcing experiments in CMIP5 reproduced the DRs, implying that natural variability and anthropogenic activity play important roles in the formation of these DRs. With continued climate warming, the three DRs over eastern China will persist. Despite the uncertainties in drought changes that mainly depend on the potential evapotranspiration methods, climate model results suggest that droughts would be aggravated under warming scenarios. The probability of severe droughts increase by the end of the century: 33% in DR1, 25% in DR2, 34% in DR3 in RCP4.5 and almost double in RCP8.5 scenario in Thornthwaite method based SPEI estimates.
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