Training improves multitasking performance by increasing the speed of information processing in human prefrontal cortex.

Training improves multitasking performance by increasing the speed of information processing in human prefrontal cortex.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuron.2009.06.005
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发表时间:
2009-07-16
期刊:
影响因子:
16.2
通讯作者:
Marois, Rene
Marois, Rene
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dux, Paul E.;Tombu, Michael N.;Harrison, Stephenie;Rogers, Baxter P.;Tong, Frank;Marois, Rene

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我们同时处理多项任务的能力受到严重限制:当我们试图同时承担两项或两项以上任务时,任务绩效就会恶化。值得注意的是,广泛的培训可以极大地降低这种多任务处理的成本。虽然目前尚不清楚训练是如何改变大脑来解决多任务问题的,但它可能涉及前额叶皮质,因为这一大脑区域据称在限制多任务处理能力方面发挥着作用。在这里,我们表明,减少训练中的多任务干扰并不是通过将信息处理流从前额叶皮质转移出来,也不是通过将前额叶细胞分离为独立的任务特定神经元集合,而是通过提高该大脑区域的信息处理速度,从而允许快速连续处理多项任务。这些结果不仅揭示了训练如何导致有效的多任务处理,而且还从机制上解释了多任务处理的局限性,即人类前额叶皮质信息处理速度较慢。
Our ability to multitask is severely limited: Task performance deteriorates when we attempt to undertake two or more tasks simultaneously. Remarkably, extensive training can greatly reduce such multitasking costs. While it is not known how training alters the brain to solve the multitasking problem, it likely involves the prefrontal cortex given this brain region’s purported role in limiting multitasking performance. Here we show that the reduction of multitasking interference with training is not achieved by diverting the flow of information processing away from the prefrontal cortex, or by segregating prefrontal cells into independent task-specific neuronal ensembles, but rather by increasing the speed of information processing in this brain region, thereby allowing multiple tasks to be processed in rapid succession. These results not only reveal how training leads to efficient multitasking, they also provide a mechanistic account of multitasking limitations, namely the poor speed of information processing in human prefrontal cortex.
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