Identification of the sex-determining factor in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha reveals unique evolution of sex chromosomes in a haploid system.
Identification of the sex-determining factor in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha reveals unique evolution of sex chromosomes in a haploid system.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.023
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发表时间：
2021-12-20
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kohchi T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Iwasaki M;Kajiwara T;Yasui Y;Yoshitake Y;Miyazaki M;Kawamura S;Suetsugu N;Nishihama R;Yamaoka S;Wanke D;Hashimoto K;Kuchitsu K;Montgomery SA;Singh S;Tanizawa Y;Yagura M;Mochizuki T;Sakamoto M;Nakamura Y;Liu C;Berger F;Yamato KT;Bowman JL;Kohchi T
性别决定是有性生殖的中心过程，通常由性染色体上编码的性别决定因子调节。在二倍体生物体中，性决定因子的进化通过特化和退化来控制性染色体的进化的规则已经得到了很好的研究。然而，不同的预测适用于生物体中的性染色体，其中性别是在生命周期的单倍体阶段确定的：两个性染色体，女性U和男性V，预计将保持其基因功能，即使两者都是非重组的。这与二倍体XY（ZW）系统中的X-Y（或Z-W）不对称性和Y（W）染色体退化形成对比。在这里，我们提供的证据表明，性染色体在单倍体地钱的进化过程中早期分化，并确定了地钱的U染色体上的性别决定因素。该基因Feminizer编码植物特异性碱性五半胱氨酸转录因子家族的成员。它通过调节雌性配子体MYB和雌性化提供者的常染色体性别决定基因座来触发雌性分化。Feminizer和其他性染色体基因的系统发育分析表明，在4.3亿年前的祖先苔类中已经建立了二态性染色体。女性化也发挥了生殖诱导的作用，这是与V染色体上的配子体共享，这表明祖先的功能，不同于性别决定，被保留的配子体。这意味着在显性单倍体性染色体系统进化过程中获得性别决定机制后，祖先的功能可以保留下来。与苔类植物雌性性染色体连锁的雌性化基因（Feminizer，BPCU）被鉴定为BPCU调控常染色体性别决定基因座，FGMYB/SUF BPCU还与配子体基因共同具有生殖诱导功能。在单倍体植物地钱的雌性性染色体上鉴定雌性决定因子Feminizer。出乎意料的是，Feminizer也在生殖诱导中发挥作用，这是由其雄性配子体共享的。地钱类的性染色体分化了大约4.3亿年，比任何已知的性染色体系统都要古老。
Sex determination is a central process for sexual reproduction and is often regulated by a sex determinant encoded on a sex chromosome. Rules that govern the evolution of sex chromosomes via specialization and degeneration following the evolution of a sex determinant have been well studied in diploid organisms. However, distinct predictions apply to sex chromosomes in organisms where sex is determined in the haploid phase of the life cycle: both sex chromosomes, female U and male V, are expected to maintain their gene functions, even though both are non-recombining. This is in contrast to the X-Y (or Z-W) asymmetry and Y (W) chromosome degeneration in XY (ZW) systems of diploids. Here, we provide evidence that sex chromosomes diverged early during the evolution of haploid liverworts and identify the sex determinant on the Marchantia polymorpha U chromosome. This gene, Feminizer, encodes a member of the plant-specific BASIC PENTACYSTEINE transcription factor family. It triggers female differentiation via regulation of the autosomal sex-determining locus of FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE MYB and SUPPRESSOR OF FEMINIZATION. Phylogenetic analyses of Feminizer and other sex chromosome genes indicate dimorphic sex chromosomes had already been established 430 mya in the ancestral liverwort. Feminizer also plays a role in reproductive induction that is shared with its gametolog on the V chromosome, suggesting an ancestral function, distinct from sex determination, was retained by the gametologs. This implies ancestral functions can be preserved after the acquisition of a sex determination mechanism during the evolution of a dominant haploid sex chromosome system. Feminizer (BPCU) linked to the liverwort female sex chromosome was identified BPCU regulates the autosomal sex-determining locus, FGMYB/SUF BPCU additionally shares a function for reproductive induction with its gametolog The liverwort sex chromosomes are the oldest among any other known systems Iwasaki et al. identify a female sex determinant, Feminizer, on the female sex chromosome of a haploid plant, Marchantia polymorpha. Unexpectedly, Feminizer also plays a role in reproductive induction, which is shared by its male gametolog. The liverwort sex chromosomes diverged around 430 mya, older than any known sex chromosome systems.
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影响因子：
20.5
作者：
Coelho SM;Gueno J;Lipinska AP;Cock JM;Umen JG
通讯作者：
Umen JG
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4939-6396-6_4
发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
PLANT SYNTHETIC PROMOTERS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fischer, Stefan M.;Boeser, Alexander;Wanke, Dierk
通讯作者：
Wanke, Dierk
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
GAMBORG, OL;MILLER, RA;OJIMA, K
通讯作者：
OJIMA, K
影响因子：
18
作者：
Akagi, Takashi;Pilkington, Sarah M.;Tao, Ryutaro
通讯作者：
Tao, Ryutaro
影响因子：
14.9
作者：
DEBLAERE, R;BYTEBIER, B;LEEMANS, J
通讯作者：
LEEMANS, J