Everything, and Then Some

Everything, and Then Some
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一切,然后是一些

DOI:
10.1093/mind/fzv187
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
1.8
通讯作者:
Stephan Krämer
Stephan Krämer
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--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stephan Krämer

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在其意图的解释上,逻辑、数学和形而上学的话语有时似乎涉及到绝对不受限制的量化。然而,我们的标准语义理论不允许将一种语言解释为表达绝对概括性。蒂莫西·威廉姆森(Timothy Williamson)在他的论文《一切》(Everything)(2003)中影响深远地提出了一种捍卫绝对普遍性的重要策略,该策略利用不断递增的量词层次来发展确实提供这种解释的非标准语义理论。然而,正如伊斯坦·林内博和奥古斯丁·雷奥(2012)所强调的那样,这一观点面临着将量化层次扩展到有限水平之外的压力,并与之相关,允许累积层次概念。在他的新书《作为形而上学的模态逻辑》(2013)中,威廉姆森屈服于这种压力。我指出,新出现的累积更高秩序主义理论具有强烈的概括性-相对主义色彩,因此破坏了威廉姆森试图捍卫的概括性绝对主义精神。
On its intended interpretation, logical, mathematical and metaphysical discourse sometimes seems to involve absolutely unrestricted quantification. Yet our standard semantic theories do not allow for interpretations of a language as expressing absolute generality. A prominent strategy for defending absolute generality, influentially proposed by Timothy Williamson in his paper ‘Everything’ (2003), avails itself of a hierarchy of quantifiers of ever increasing orders to develop non-standard semantic theories that do provide for such interpretations. However, as emphasized by Øystein Linnebo and Agustín Rayo (2012), there is pressure on this view to extend the quantificational hierarchy beyond the finite level, and, relatedly, to allow for a cumulative conception of the hierarchy. In his recent book,Modal Logic as Metaphysics(2013), Williamson yields to that pressure. I show that the emerging cumulative higher-orderist theory has implications of a strongly generality-relativist flavour, and consequently undermines much of the spirit of generality absolutism that Williamson set out to defend.
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