Cumulative impact assessments of multiple host species loss from plant diseases show disproportionate reductions in associated biodiversity
Cumulative impact assessments of multiple host species loss from plant diseases show disproportionate reductions in associated biodiversity
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对植物病害造成的多种寄主物种损失的累积影响评估显示，相关生物多样性大幅减少
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2745.13798
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Mitchell R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mitchell R
非本地植物害虫和病原体呈指数级增长，导致基础物种灭绝。单一宿主的大规模下降对相关生物多样性的影响被广泛记录。然而，尚未评估多宿主丧失对生物多样性的影响以及这些影响是否是倍增的。生态学理论表明，具有更大功能冗余（替代宿主）的系统将对同域宿主的丧失更具弹性。我们测试了这一理论，并显示其在害虫/病原体影响评估方面的重要性。我们评估了两种广泛存在的同域欧洲树种，白蜡树和栎petraea/robur的损失对生物多样性的潜在影响，这两种树种目前都受到一系列害虫和病原体的威胁。在英国范围内，受这两种同域寄主植物病害影响而面临灭绝危险的相关物种总数大于受任一寄主植物病害影响而面临灭绝危险的相关物种总数alone.F. Excelsiorhosts 45专性种（仅在该寄主上发现的种）和Q. 326.第三百二十六章然而，这两种树木的减少将影响多个分类群中的512个相关物种，增加38%。在当地规模的评估，24混合F。益筋草petraea/roburwoodlands表明，由于缺乏功能冗余，这些影响可能更大。只有21%的站点能够为F提供功能冗余。ExcelsiorandQ.能利用其他树种的油橄榄/罗布伴生种。在大多数林地中，提供功能冗余所需的树种并不存在，尽管立地条件通常适合它们生长。对功能冗余的理解应适用于评估害虫/病原体对生物多样性的影响。在风险评估中，对于与已经受到害虫/病原体影响的其他寄主植物物种一起发生的影响寄主的害虫/病原体，应给予较高的影响评分。目前的害虫/病原体风险评估方法忽略了本研究中所示的累积、级联效应，可能会使生物多样性丧失的潜在、大多被忽视的驱动因素继续存在。
Non‐native plant pests and pathogens are increasing exponentially, causing extirpation of foundation species. The impact of large‐scale declines in a single host on associated biodiversity is widely documented. However, the impact of multiple host loss on biodiversity and whether these impacts are multiplicative has not been assessed. Ecological theory suggests that systems with greater functional redundancy (alternative hosts) will be more resilient to the loss of sympatric hosts. We test this theory and show its importance in relation to pest/pathogen impact assessments.We assessed the potential impact on biodiversity of the loss of two widely occurring sympatric European tree species,Fraxinus excelsiorandQuercus petraea/robur, both of which are currently threatened by a range of pests and pathogens.At the UK scale, the total number of associated species at risk of extirpation from plant diseases affecting these two sympatric hosts is greater than the sum of the associated species at risk from declines in either host alone.F. excelsiorhosts 45 obligate species (species only found on that host) andQ. petraea/roburhosts 326. However, a decline in both these trees would impact 512 associated species, across multiple taxon groups, a 38% increase. Assessments at a local scale, 24 mixedF. excelsior–Q. petraea/roburwoodlands revealed that these impacts may be even greater due to a lack of functional redundancy. Only 21% of sites were able to provide functional redundancy forF. excelsiorandQ. petraea/roburassociated species which can use other tree species. In most woodlands, the tree species required to provide functional redundancy were not present, although the site conditions were often suitable for them to grow.Synthesis. Understanding of functional redundancy should be applied to assessments of pests/pathogens impact on biodiversity. In risk assessments, higher impact scores should be given to pests/pathogens affecting hosts occurring with other host plant species already impacted by pests/pathogens. Current pest/pathogen risk assessment approaches that ignore the cumulative, cascading effects shown in this study may allow an insidious, mostly overlooked, driver of biodiversity loss to continue.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
A. MacLeod;S. Lloyd
通讯作者：
S. Lloyd
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
A. Lõhmus;K. Runnel
通讯作者：
K. Runnel
风险分析流程
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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对“植物病害造成的多种寄主物种损失的累积影响评估显示相关生物多样性不成比例地减少”的审查
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
W. Ulrich
通讯作者：
W. Ulrich