Dynamic, Non-binary Specification of Sexual State in the C. elegans Nervous System.
Dynamic, Non-binary Specification of Sexual State in the C. elegans Nervous System.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.007
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发表时间：
2020-09-21
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Portman DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lawson HN;Wexler LR;Wnuk HK;Portman DS
动物的生理性别通常被认为是一种固定的、个体水平的特征。然而，并非所有的性别特异性特征都是静态的：例如，C。秀丽线虫雄性（XO）有时可以表现出雌雄同体（XX）样的进食行为。（C.秀丽线虫雌雄同体是瞬时产生自身精子的体细胞雌性。基本上C.秀丽线虫受主调节因子TRA-1的控制，其活性受染色体性别控制，并且是确定雌雄同体状态所必需和充分的。这种状态的一个方面是化学受体odr-10的高表达。在雌雄同体中，odr-10高表达促进进食，但在雄性中，odr-10低表达促进探索。然而，男性抑制这种性别差异在两种情况下：少年男性表现出高odr-10的表达和食物剥夺激活odr-10在成年男性。值得注意的是，我们发现这两种现象都需要tra-1。在幼年（L3）男性，tra-1在许多神经元中表达;这种表达随着个体成熟到成年而减少，这是一个需要保守的性成熟调节因子的过程。TRA-1在成年男性的少量神经元中保持表达，其中它可能在ODR-10活化中具有允许的作用。因此，tra-1的神经元功能不仅限于雌雄同体;相反，tra-1还在男性神经系统中起作用，以暂时抑制发育和营养应激的性二态性。我们的研究结果表明，C.秀丽隐杆线虫既不是静止的，也不是同质的，挑战了关于生物性别本质的传统观念。In C.在秀丽隐杆线虫中，主要的性调节因子tra-1对于雌性状态是必要的和足够的。Lawson等人发现，tra-1还在男性神经系统中发挥作用，具有时间和细胞类型特异性，以抑制基因表达中的性别二型性。这突出了性别规范中意想不到的可塑性和异质性。
Biological sex in animals is often considered a fixed, individual-level characteristic. However, not all sex-specific features are static: for example, C. elegans males (XO) can sometimes exhibit hermaphrodite (XX)-like feeding behavior. (C. elegans hermaphrodites are somatic females that transiently produce self-sperm.) Essentially all somatic sex differences in C. elegans are governed by the master regulator tra-1, whose activity is controlled by chromosomal sex and is necessary and sufficient to specify the hermaphrodite state. One aspect of this state is high expression of the chemoreceptor odr-10. In hermaphrodites, high odr-10 expression promotes feeding, but in males, low odr-10 expression facilitates exploration. However, males suppress this sex difference in two contexts: juvenile males exhibit high odr-10 expression and food deprivation activates odr-10 in adult males. Remarkably, we find that both of these phenomena require tra-1. In juvenile (L3) males, tra-1 is expressed in numerous neurons; this expression diminishes as individuals mature into adulthood, a process that requires conserved regulators of sexual maturation. tra-1 remains expressed in a small number of neurons in adult males, where it likely has a permissive role in odr-10 activation. Thus, the neuronal functions of tra-1 are not limited to hermaphrodites; rather, tra-1 also acts in the male nervous system to transiently suppress a sexual dimorphism, developmentally and in response to nutritional stress. Our results show that the molecular and functional representation of sexual state in C. elegans is neither static nor homogeneous, challenging traditional notions about the nature of biological sex. In C. elegans, the master sexual regulator tra-1 is necessary and sufficient for the female state. Here, Lawson et al. find that tra-1 also acts in the male nervous system, with temporal and cell-type specificity, to suppress a sexual dimorphism in gene expression. This highlights unexpected plasticity and heterogeneity in the specification of sex.
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