A systematic review of the physical health impacts from non-occupational exposure to wildfire smoke.
A systematic review of the physical health impacts from non-occupational exposure to wildfire smoke.
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对身体健康的系统综述会影响非占领暴露于野火烟雾。
DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.015
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发表时间：
2015-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Bell, Michelle L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Jia C.;Pereira, Gavin;Uhl, Sarah A.;Bravo, Mercedes A.;Bell, Michelle L.
气候变化可能会增加野火的威胁，但人们对野火如何影响暴露社区的健康知之甚少。更好地了解由此产生的空气污染的影响对当今和未来的公共卫生具有重要意义。我们进行了系统的搜索，以确定自1986年以来发表的关于野火烟雾对暴露社区健康影响的同行评议科学研究。我们回顾和综合了这个问题的科学状态，包括估计暴露的方法，并确定了目前研究的局限性。我们确定了61项流行病学研究，将野火与社区中的人类健康联系起来。美国和澳大利亚是最常被研究的国家（18项关于美国的研究，15澳大利亚）。地理范围从一个小城市（人口约55 000）到整个地球仪。大多数研究都集中在火灾事件附近的地区。最常使用固定式空气污染物监测器评估暴露（61项研究中的35项）。其他方法包括利用卫星遥感和对火灾期间收集的空气样本进行测量。大多数研究比较了1）没有火灾事件的时期和火灾事件期间或之后的时期，或2）受野火烟雾影响的地区和未受影响的地区之间的健康结果风险。在大多数研究中，野火期间或之后的每日污染水平超过了美国环保署的规定。PM10是最常被研究的污染物，与非火灾时期和/或地点相比，由于野火烟雾，PM10的水平高出1.2至10倍。呼吸系统疾病是最常被研究的健康状况，并且具有最一致的结果。在这45项研究中，超过90%的研究报告说，野火烟雾与呼吸道疾病的风险显著相关。暴露测量是当前野火和人类健康文献中的一个关键挑战。一个限制是难以估计野火特有的污染。需要新的方法来将野火的空气污染水平与交通等环境源的空气污染水平分开。大多数研究发现，野火烟雾与呼吸道和心血管疾病的风险增加有关。儿童、老年人和有潜在慢性病的人似乎易受影响。需要对死亡率和心血管发病率进行更多研究。进一步探索新方法可以帮助确定气候变化下野火对公共卫生的影响，并指导缓解政策。
Climate change is likely to increase threat of wildfires, and little is known about how wildfires affect health in exposed communities. A better understanding of the impacts of the resulting air pollution has important public health implications for the present day and the future. We performed a systematic search to identify peer-reviewed scientific studies published since 1986 regarding impacts of wildfire smoke on health in exposed communities. We reviewed and synthesized the state of science of this issue including methods to estimate exposure, and identified limitations in current research. We identified 61 epidemiological studies linking wildfire and human health in communities. The U.S. and Australia were the most frequently studied countries (18 studies on the U.S., 15 on Australia). Geographic scales ranged from a single small city (population about 55,000) to the entire globe. Most studies focused on areas close to fire events. Exposure was most commonly assessed with stationary air pollutant monitors (35 of 61 studies). Other methods included using satellite remote sensing and measurements from air samples collected during fires. Most studies compared risk of health outcomes between 1) periods with no fire events and periods during or after fire events, or 2) regions affected by wildfire smoke and unaffected regions. Daily pollution levels during or after wildfire in most studies exceeded U.S. EPA regulations. Levels of PM10, the most frequently studied pollutant, were 1.2 to 10 times higher due to wildfire smoke compared to non-fire periods and/or locations. Respiratory disease was the most frequently studied health condition, and had the most consistent results. Over 90% of these 45 studies reported that wildfire smoke was significantly associated with risk of respiratory morbidity. Exposure measurement is a key challenge in current literature on wildfire and human health. A limitation is the difficulty of estimating pollution specific to wildfires. New methods are needed to separate air pollution levels of wildfires from those from ambient sources, such as transportation. The majority of studies found that wildfire smoke was associated with increased risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Children, the elderly and those with underlying chronic diseases appear to be susceptible. More studies on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity are needed. Further exploration with new methods could help ascertain the public health impacts of wildfires under climate change and guide mitigation policies.
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影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Delfino RJ;Brummel S;Wu J;Stern H;Ostro B;Lipsett M;Winer A;Street DH;Zhang L;Tjoa T;Gillen DL
通讯作者：
Gillen DL
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Delfino RJ;Zeiger RS;Seltzer JM;Street DH;McLaren CE
通讯作者：
McLaren CE
DOI：
10.1080/09603120600641334
发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Chen, LP;Verrall, K;Tong, SL
通讯作者：
Tong, SL
DOI：
10.1590/s1413-81232009000600015
发表时间：
2009-12-01
期刊：
Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
影响因子：
--
作者：
Castro, Hermano Albuquerque de;Gonçalves, Karen dos Santos;Hacon, Sandra de Souza
通讯作者：
Hacon, Sandra de Souza
影响因子：
0.5
作者：
Agarwal, Neil K.;Sharma, Prerna;Agarwal, Shashi K.
通讯作者：
Agarwal, Shashi K.