Global, continental, and national variation in PM(2.5), O(3), and NO(2) concentrations during the early 2020 COVID-19 lockdown.
Global, continental, and national variation in PM(2.5), O(3), and NO(2) concentrations during the early 2020 COVID-19 lockdown.
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2020年初COVID-19封锁期间全球、大陆和国家PM（2. 5）、O（3）和NO（2）浓度的变化。
DOI：
10.1016/j.apr.2021.02.002
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Yang L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
He C;Hong S;Zhang L;Mu H;Xin A;Zhou Y;Liu J;Liu N;Su Y;Tian Y;Ke B;Wang Y;Yang L
为应对COVID-19而实施的封城措施导致全球经济及运输活动前所未有地减少。在这项研究中，在全球范围内，大陆和国家尺度上调查了封锁前后威胁健康的空气污染物（PM2.5，NO2和O3）浓度的变化。我们分析了来自地球仪全球380个城市超过10，000个监测站的地面数据。封城期间（2020年3月至5月）全球范围的结果显示，PM2. 5和NO2浓度与基线期（2015-2019年）相比分别下降了16. 1%和45. 8%。然而，O3浓度增加了5.4%。在大陆范围内，与基线相比，2020年各大洲在封锁期间的PM2. 5和NO2浓度大幅下降，东亚的PM2. 5最大降幅为20. 4%，欧洲的NO2最大降幅为42. 5%。O3的最大降幅出现在北美（7.8%），其次是亚洲（0.7%），而其他大陆则略有增加。在全国范围内，PM2.5和NO2浓度在封锁期间显著下降，但O3浓度在各国之间表现出不同的模式。我们发现印度的PM2.5最大减少了50.8%，西班牙的NO2最大减少了103.5%。印度的O3减少量最大（22.5%）。空气质量的改善是暂时的，因为自封锁解除以来，城市的污染水平有所上升。我们认为，空气污染物出现这些前所未有的变化，主要是由于交通和工业活动减少所致。气柱减少也可以用气象变化和环境政策规定造成的排放量减少来解释。我们的研究结果对继续实施严格的空气质量政策和排放控制策略以改善环境和人类健康具有重要意义。
Lockdowns implemented in response to COVID-19 have caused an unprecedented reduction in global economic and transport activity. In this study, variation in the concentration of health-threatening air pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, and O3) pre- and post-lockdown was investigated at global, continental, and national scales. We analyzed ground-based data from >10,000 monitoring stations in 380 cities across the globe. Global-scale results during lockdown (March to May 2020) showed that concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2 decreased by 16.1% and 45.8%, respectively, compared to the baseline period (2015–2019). However, O3 concentration increased by 5.4%. At the continental scale, concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2 substantially dropped in 2020 across all continents during lockdown compared to the baseline, with a maximum reduction of 20.4% for PM2.5 in East Asia and 42.5% for NO2 in Europe. The maximum reduction in O3 was observed in North America (7.8%), followed by Asia (0.7%), while small increases were found in other continents. At the national scale, PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations decreased significantly during lockdown, but O3 concentration showed varying patterns among countries. We found maximum reductions of 50.8% for PM2.5 in India and 103.5% for NO2 in Spain. The maximum reduction in O3 (22.5%) was found in India. Improvements in air quality were temporary as pollution levels increased in cities since lockdowns were lifted. We posit that these unprecedented changes in air pollutants were mainly attributable to reductions in traffic and industrial activities. Column reductions could also be explained by meteorological variability and a decline in emissions caused by environmental policy regulations. Our results have implications for the continued implementation of strict air quality policies and emission control strategies to improve environmental and human health.
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