In vitro assessments of nanomaterial toxicity.
In vitro assessments of nanomaterial toxicity.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.addr.2009.03.005
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发表时间：
2009-06-21
影响因子：
16.1
通讯作者：
Grainger DW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones CF;Grainger DW
纳米技术已经从一个科学兴趣发展成为一个主要的产业，商品和特种纳米材料都暴露于全球人口和生态系统。亚微米材料目前作为药物递送载体和成像剂用于各种消费品和临床试验中。由于这一领域的预期增长以及公众对纳米材料的接触日益增加，无论是有意施用还是无意接触，都需要对新的和现有的纳米材料进行更好的表征和可靠的毒性筛选工具。这篇综述讨论了目前用于评估纳米材料物理化学性质及其体外效应的方法。目前的方法缺乏所需的灵敏度，可靠性，相关性和复杂性，以提供超过有限的，往往是模棱两可的，部分的整体纳米材料性能参数空间，特别是在现实的生理或环境模型含有细胞，蛋白质和溶质。因此，需要改进的物理化学纳米材料测定，以提供准确的暴露风险评估和体内行为和治疗价值的真正预测。缓冲液中更简单的模型纳米材料系统不能准确地复制这种复杂性或预测体内行为。需要一个互补的材料表征工具和生物测定的多样化组合，以验证纳米材料的生理特性。
Nanotechnology has grown from a scientific interest to a major industry with both commodity and specialty nanomaterial exposure to global populations and ecosystems. Sub-micron materials are currently used in a wide variety of consumer products and in clinical trials as drug delivery carriers and imaging agents. Due to the expected growth in this field and the increasing public exposure to nanomaterials, both from intentional administration and inadvertent contact, improved characterization and reliable toxicity screening tools are required for new and existing nanomaterials. This review discusses current methodologies used to assess nanomaterial physicochemicial properties and their in vitro effects. Current methods lack the desired sensitivity, reliability, correlation and sophistication to provide more than limited, often equivocal, pieces of the overall nanomaterial performance parameter space, particularly in realistic physiological or environmental models containing cells, proteins and solutes. Therefore, improved physicochemical nanomaterial assays are needed to provide accurate exposure risk assessments and genuine predictions of in vivo behavior and therapeutic value. Simpler model nanomaterial systems in buffer do not accurately duplicate this complexity or predict in vivo behavior. A diverse portfolio of complementary material characterization tools and bioassays are required to validate nanomaterial properties in physiology.
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