Targeted toxins in brain tumor therapy.
Targeted toxins in brain tumor therapy.
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作者：
Li YM;Hall WA
靶向毒素，也被称为免疫毒素或细胞毒素，是一种重组分子，它与细胞表面受体特异性结合，这些受体在癌症中过度表达，毒素成分会杀死细胞。这些重组蛋白由与蛋白质毒素偶联的特定抗体或配体组成。靶向毒素与肿瘤中过度表达的表面抗原或受体结合，如表皮生长因子受体或白细胞介素13受体。在所有临床使用的毒素中，分子的毒素部分由细菌或植物毒素改造而成，融合到抗体或载体配体上。靶向毒素对耐受放射和化疗的癌细胞非常有效。它们比任何已知的化疗药物都要有效得多。在早期的临床研究中，靶向毒素已经显示出可接受的毒性和安全性，并证明了肿瘤反应的证据。目前，一些靶向毒素的临床试验已经完成，最终结果还在等待中。本文综述了靶向毒素的特点以及在恶性脑肿瘤患者中靶向毒素的重要临床研究的重要发现。成功治疗恶性脑肿瘤的障碍包括对肿瘤肿块的渗透性差、对毒素成分的免疫反应以及癌症的异质性。在当前一代靶向毒素中正在寻求克服这些限制的战略。
Targeted toxins, also known as immunotoxins or cytotoxins, are recombinant molecules that specifically bind to cell surface receptors that are overexpressed in cancer and the toxin component kills the cell. These recombinant proteins consist of a specific antibody or ligand coupled to a protein toxin. The targeted toxins bind to a surface antigen or receptor overexpressed in tumors, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor or interleukin-13 receptor. The toxin part of the molecule in all clinically used toxins is modified from bacterial or plant toxins, fused to an antibody or carrier ligand. Targeted toxins are very effective against cancer cells resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. They are far more potent than any known chemotherapy drug. Targeted toxins have shown an acceptable profile of toxicity and safety in early clinical studies and have demonstrated evidence of a tumor response. Currently, clinical trials with some targeted toxins are complete and the final results are pending. This review summarizes the characteristics of targeted toxins and the key findings of the important clinical studies with targeted toxins in malignant brain tumor patients. Obstacles to successful treatment of malignant brain tumors include poor penetration into tumor masses, the immune response to the toxin component and cancer heterogeneity. Strategies to overcome these limitations are being pursued in the current generation of targeted toxins.
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影响因子：
4.8
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