Building a (w)rapport between neurons and oligodendroglia: Reciprocal interactions underlying adaptive myelination.

Building a (w)rapport between neurons and oligodendroglia: Reciprocal interactions underlying adaptive myelination.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuron.2021.02.003
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发表时间:
2021-04-21
期刊:
影响因子:
16.2
通讯作者:
Chan JR
Chan JR
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pease-Raissi SE;Chan JR

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髓鞘是由神经元轴突周围的少突胶质细胞形成的多层富含脂质的膜延伸,是中枢神经系统中快速有效的动作电位传播所必需的。髓鞘形成最初被认为是一个静态和不可变的过程,现在被认为是一个动态的过程,能够在整个生命过程中响应和调节神经元功能。虽然这种可塑性的重要性,称为适应性髓鞘形成,现在已经被广泛接受,但我们才刚刚开始了解神经元将经验驱动的回路激活传达给少突胶质细胞的潜在细胞和分子机制,以及少突胶质细胞及其髓鞘的变化如何精确地改善神经元功能。在这里,我们回顾最近的研究结果,解决这种相互关系,神经元改变少突胶质细胞的形式和少突胶质细胞反过来调节神经元的功能。适应性髓鞘形成是神经可塑性的一种形式,其中外部经验改变少突胶质细胞髓鞘形成。Pease-Raissi和Chan综述了神经元通过交流经验输入来改变少突胶质细胞的机制,以及少突胶质细胞及其髓鞘的后续变化如何调节神经元功能。
Myelin, multilayered lipid-rich membrane extensions formed by oligodendrocytes around neuronal axons, is essential for fast and efficient action potential propagation in the central nervous system. Initially thought to be a static and immutable process, myelination is now appreciated to be a dynamic process capable of responding to and modulating neuronal function throughout life. While the importance of this type of plasticity, called adaptive myelination, is now well-accepted, we are only beginning to understand the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms by which neurons communicate experience-driven circuit activation to oligodendroglia and precisely how changes in oligodendrocytes and their myelin refine neuronal function. Here we review recent findings addressing this reciprocal relationship in which neurons alter oligodendroglial form and oligodendrocytes conversely modulate neuronal function. Adaptive myelination is a form of neuroplasticity in which external experience alters oligodendrocyte myelination. Pease-Raissi and Chan review mechanisms by which neurons communicate experiential input to alter oligodendrocytes, and how subsequent changes in oligodendrocytes and their myelin modulate neuronal function.
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