Sulfation and amidinohydrolysis in the biosynthesis of giant linear polyenes.

Sulfation and amidinohydrolysis in the biosynthesis of giant linear polyenes.
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DOI:
10.3762/bjoc.13.238
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Leadlay PF
Leadlay PF
中科院分区:
化学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hong H;Samborskyy M;Usachova K;Schnatz K;Leadlay PF

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来自马来西亚链霉菌DSM 4137的克拉霉素和中霉素(与来自中杀链霉菌的克拉霉素一起产生)是几乎相同的巨大线性多烯,显然分别由4-胍基丁酸酯或4-氨基丁酸酯起始单元和27个聚酮化合物扩展单元构建,并且在C-29羟基处具有特定的O-磺酸酯修饰。我们在这里表明,中霉素实际上不是通过使用不同的起始单元,而是通过直接的后期脱脒基化的(α-甲基)氯红霉素进行生物合成的。编码候选磺基转移酶的基因(slf)已被定位在两个基因簇中。DSM 4137中该基因的缺失导致仅积累了红霉素,而不是红霉素和克拉霉素的混合物。中霉素基因簇不编码脒基水解酶,但是当S. mediocidicus基因组在大肠杆菌中单独表达并进行分析,其中只有一个(medi 4948)位于染色体上距离mediocidicus基因簇670 kbp处,催化去除了mediocidicus基因组中的脒基。随后将medi 4948克隆到DSM 4137中导致中霉素A和B分别以氯红霉素和异丙氯红霉素为代价积累,这是一种罕见的情况,其中必需的生物合成基因不与其他途径基因共定位。显然,双氟红霉素和氯红霉素都是脒基水解酶的底物。此外,在作为供体的3 '-磷酸腺苷-5'-磷酸硫酸盐存在下,来自DSM 4137的纯化的重组磺基转移酶在体外有效地将中霉素B转化为中霉素A。因此,在中霉素A生物合成的最后步骤中,脱脒基和磺基转移可以以任一顺序发生。
Clethramycin from Streptomyces malaysiensis DSM4137, and mediomycins (produced together with clethramycin from Streptomyces mediocidicus), are near-identical giant linear polyenes apparently constructed from, respectively, a 4-guanidinobutanoate or 4-aminobutanoate starter unit and 27 polyketide extender units, and bearing a specific O-sulfonate modification at the C-29 hydroxy group. We show here that mediomycins are actually biosynthesised not by use of a different starter unit but by direct late-stage deamidination of (desulfo)clethramycin. A gene (slf) encoding a candidate sulfotransferase has been located in both gene clusters. Deletion of this gene in DSM4137 led to accumulation of desulfoclethramycin only, instead of a mixture of desulfoclethramycin and clethramycin. The mediomycin gene cluster does not encode an amidinohydrolase, but when three candidate amidinohydrolase genes from elsewhere in the S. mediocidicus genome were individually expressed in Escherichia coli and assayed, only one of them (medi4948), located 670 kbp away from the mediomycin gene cluster on the chromosome, catalysed the removal of the amidino group from desulfoclethramycin. Subsequent cloning of medi4948 into DSM4137 caused mediomycins A and B to accumulate at the expense of clethramycin and desulfoclethramycin, respectively, a rare case where an essential biosynthetic gene is not co-located with other pathway genes. Clearly, both desulfoclethramycin and clethramycin are substrates for this amidinohydrolase. Also, purified recombinant sulfotransferase from DSM4137, in the presence of 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate as donor, efficiently converted mediomycin B to mediomycin A in vitro. Thus, in the final steps of mediomycin A biosynthesis deamidination and sulfotransfer can take place in either order.
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