Ancient DNA from European early neolithic farmers reveals their near eastern affinities.
Ancient DNA from European early neolithic farmers reveals their near eastern affinities.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1000536
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发表时间：
2010-11-09
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Members of the Genographic Consortium
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haak W;Balanovsky O;Sanchez JJ;Koshel S;Zaporozhchenko V;Adler CJ;Der Sarkissian CS;Brandt G;Schwarz C;Nicklisch N;Dresely V;Fritsch B;Balanovska E;Villems R;Meller H;Alt KW;Cooper A;Members of the Genographic Consortium
来自中欧的第一批农民揭示了与近东和安纳托利亚现代人口的遗传亲和力，这表明在新石器时代早期，这一地区有重要的人口输入。在欧洲，新石器时代的过渡（公元前8000 - 4000年）从狩猎和采集到农业社区，是自旧石器时代晚期（公元前40，000年）解剖学上的现代人首次在欧洲定居以来最重要的人口统计事件之一。然而，这种转变的性质和速度是考古学、人类学和人类群体遗传学中持续存在的科学争论的问题。到目前为止，关于过去种群遗传组成的推断大多来自现代欧亚种群的研究，但越来越多的古代DNA研究提供了对遗传过去的直接看法。我们从基因上描述了中欧最早的农耕文化--线性陶器文化（LBK;公元前5500 - 4900校准）。并使用全面的地理和种群遗传分析，以确定其起源于更广泛的欧亚地区，并追踪潜在的传播路线进入欧洲。我们克隆和测序的线粒体高变段I和设计两个强大的SNP多重PCR系统，以产生新的线粒体和Y染色体数据从21个人从一个完整的LBK墓地在德伦堡Meerenstieg II在德国。这些结果大大扩展了LBK（n = 42）的可用遗传数据集，并允许对中欧最早的新石器时代文化（公元前5，500 - 4，900年校准）进行首次详细的遗传分析。 我们使用现存的欧亚西部人群（n = 23，394）的大型数据库和广泛的人群遗传分析，包括共享单倍型分析，主成分分析，多维尺度，遗传距离的地理作图和贝叶斯序列Simcoal分析，描述了新石器时代早期农民的线粒体DNA序列多样性和地理亲缘关系。 结果表明，LBK种群与现代近东和安纳托利亚有着密切的联系，支持了欧洲农业出现期间来自该地区的主要遗传输入。然而，LBK群体也表现出独特的遗传特征，包括线粒体单倍群频率明显不同的分布，证实了新石器时代早期之后欧洲继续发生重大人口事件。从狩猎采集生活方式向定居农耕生活方式的转变对世界各地的人类群体产生了重要影响，并深刻地塑造了人类社会。起源于大约11,000年前的近东，农业生活方式随后在新石器时代（新石器时代）传遍欧洲。它是由外来农民介导的，还是由创新思想和技术的传播驱动的，仍然是考古学、人类学和人类群体遗传学持续争论的主题。来自最早期农民的古代DNA可以提供最早期新石器时代这些人群遗传多样性的直接视图。在这里，我们比较新石器时代的单倍群和他们的多样性，现存的欧洲和欧亚人口的大型数据库。我们确定了新石器时代的单倍型，在现代人口中留下了清晰的痕迹，这些数据表明了从近东和安纳托利亚到中欧的移民农民的路线。与土著狩猎采集人口相比，早期农民独特的基因特征表明，在欧洲农业开始期间，近东地区的人口输入很大。
The first farmers from Central Europe reveal a genetic affinity to modern-day populations from the Near East and Anatolia, which suggests a significant demographic input from this area during the early Neolithic. In Europe, the Neolithic transition (8,000–4,000 b.c.) from hunting and gathering to agricultural communities was one of the most important demographic events since the initial peopling of Europe by anatomically modern humans in the Upper Paleolithic (40,000 b.c.). However, the nature and speed of this transition is a matter of continuing scientific debate in archaeology, anthropology, and human population genetics. To date, inferences about the genetic make up of past populations have mostly been drawn from studies of modern-day Eurasian populations, but increasingly ancient DNA studies offer a direct view of the genetic past. We genetically characterized a population of the earliest farming culture in Central Europe, the Linear Pottery Culture (LBK; 5,500–4,900 calibrated b.c.) and used comprehensive phylogeographic and population genetic analyses to locate its origins within the broader Eurasian region, and to trace potential dispersal routes into Europe. We cloned and sequenced the mitochondrial hypervariable segment I and designed two powerful SNP multiplex PCR systems to generate new mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal data from 21 individuals from a complete LBK graveyard at Derenburg Meerenstieg II in Germany. These results considerably extend the available genetic dataset for the LBK (n = 42) and permit the first detailed genetic analysis of the earliest Neolithic culture in Central Europe (5,500–4,900 calibrated b.c.). We characterized the Neolithic mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity and geographical affinities of the early farmers using a large database of extant Western Eurasian populations (n = 23,394) and a wide range of population genetic analyses including shared haplotype analyses, principal component analyses, multidimensional scaling, geographic mapping of genetic distances, and Bayesian Serial Simcoal analyses. The results reveal that the LBK population shared an affinity with the modern-day Near East and Anatolia, supporting a major genetic input from this area during the advent of farming in Europe. However, the LBK population also showed unique genetic features including a clearly distinct distribution of mitochondrial haplogroup frequencies, confirming that major demographic events continued to take place in Europe after the early Neolithic. The transition from a hunter–gatherer existence to a sedentary farming-based lifestyle has had key consequences for human groups around the world and has profoundly shaped human societies. Originating in the Near East around 11,000 y ago, an agricultural lifestyle subsequently spread across Europe during the New Stone Age (Neolithic). Whether it was mediated by incoming farmers or driven by the transmission of innovative ideas and techniques remains a subject of continuing debate in archaeology, anthropology, and human population genetics. Ancient DNA from the earliest farmers can provide a direct view of the genetic diversity of these populations in the earliest Neolithic. Here, we compare Neolithic haplogroups and their diversity to a large database of extant European and Eurasian populations. We identified Neolithic haplotypes that left clear traces in modern populations, and the data suggest a route for the migrating farmers that extends from the Near East and Anatolia into Central Europe. When compared to indigenous hunter–gatherer populations, the unique and characteristic genetic signature of the early farmers suggests a significant demographic input from the Near East during the onset of farming in Europe.
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影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Balaresque P;Bowden GR;Adams SM;Leung HY;King TE;Rosser ZH;Goodwin J;Moisan JP;Richard C;Millward A;Demaine AG;Barbujani G;Previderè C;Wilson IJ;Tyler-Smith C;Jobling MA
通讯作者：
Jobling MA
影响因子：
6.8
作者：
AKAIKE, H
通讯作者：
AKAIKE, H
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Battaglia, Vincenza;Fornarino, Simona;Semino, Ornella
通讯作者：
Semino, Ornella
DOI：
10.1016/j.legalmed.2004.05.005
发表时间：
2004-10-01
期刊：
Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Doi, Yusuke;Yamamoto, Yuji;Ishizu, Hideo
通讯作者：
Ishizu, Hideo
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Behar DM;Rosset S;Blue-Smith J;Balanovsky O;Tzur S;Comas D;Mitchell RJ;Quintana-Murci L;Tyler-Smith C;Wells RS;Genographic Consortium
通讯作者：
Genographic Consortium