Impact of biodiversity loss on production in complex marine food webs mitigated by prey-release.
Impact of biodiversity loss on production in complex marine food webs mitigated by prey-release.
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms7657
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发表时间：
2015-03-23
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Rossberg, Axel G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fung, Tak;Farnsworth, Keith D.;Reid, David G.;Rossberg, Axel G.
公众对生物多样性丧失的关注往往被合理化为对生态系统功能的威胁，但生物多样性-生态系统功能（BEF）关系很难在大尺度上进行实证量化。我们使用一个现实的海洋食物网模型，解决五个营养级以上的物种，研究鱼类总产量的变化与物种丰富度。这个复杂的模型预测，BEF关系，平均而言，遵循简单的米氏曲线时，物种被随机删除。这些主要是由鱼类从捕食中释放出来形成的，而不是从更简单的群落中预期的竞争中释放出来。通过降低体重或营养水平来排序物种缺失，代表“沿食物网捕鱼”，加重了猎物释放效应，并导致单峰关系。相比之下，同时非选择性捕捞减少了这些影响，并产生了几乎线性的BEF关系，最大的多物种渔业产量为初始物种丰富度的40%。这些发现对海洋生物多样性的评价具有重要意义。 大型海洋生态系统的生物多样性与生态系统功能之间的关系没有得到很好的描述。Fung等人使用复杂海洋食物网的动态模型发现，鱼类从捕食中释放出来，而不是竞争，是形成这种关系的主要机制。
Public concern over biodiversity loss is often rationalized as a threat to ecosystem functioning, but biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relations are hard to empirically quantify at large scales. We use a realistic marine food-web model, resolving species over five trophic levels, to study how total fish production changes with species richness. This complex model predicts that BEF relations, on average, follow simple Michaelis–Menten curves when species are randomly deleted. These are shaped mainly by release of fish from predation, rather than the release from competition expected from simpler communities. Ordering species deletions by decreasing body mass or trophic level, representing ‘fishing down the food web’, accentuates prey-release effects and results in unimodal relationships. In contrast, simultaneous unselective harvesting diminishes these effects and produces an almost linear BEF relation, with maximum multispecies fisheries yield at ≈40% of initial species richness. These findings have important implications for the valuation of marine biodiversity. Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships are not well characterized for large marine ecosystems. Using a dynamic model of complex marine food webs, Fung et al. find that release of fish from predation, not competition, is the principal mechanism shaping this relationship.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Chesson, Peter;Kuang, Jessica J.
通讯作者：
Kuang, Jessica J.
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Harpole, WS;Tilman, D
通讯作者：
Tilman, D
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Harvey, Eric;Seguin, Annie;Gravel, Dominique
通讯作者：
Gravel, Dominique
入侵和灭绝改造沿海海洋食品网。
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Byrnes, Jarrett E.;Reynolds, Pamela L.;Stachowicz, John J.
通讯作者：
Stachowicz, John J.
影响因子：
2
作者：
Drossel, B;McKane, AJ;Quince, C
通讯作者：
Quince, C