Invasions and extinctions reshape coastal marine food webs.

Invasions and extinctions reshape coastal marine food webs.
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入侵和灭绝改造沿海海洋食品网。

DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0000295
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发表时间:
2007-03-14
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Stachowicz, John J.
Stachowicz, John J.
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Byrnes, Jarrett E.;Reynolds, Pamela L.;Stachowicz, John J.

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世界各地生态系统的生物多样性正在发生变化,原因是人类造成的物种灭绝造成的物种丧失,以及故意和意外引入的物种增加。在这里,我们表明,这两个过程的综合影响正在改变沿海海洋系统中食物网的营养结构。这是因为大多数灭绝(∼70%)发生在高营养水平(顶级捕食者和其他食肉动物),而大多数入侵是来自低营养水平的物种(70%的大型浮游动物、沉积物捕食者和有害动物)。因此,这些相反的变化改变了海洋食物网的形状,从由不同的捕食者和消费者组成的营养金字塔,转变为以滤食者和食腐动物为主的较短的蹲式结构。最高营养水平的多样性丧失和较低营养水平的增加同时造成的后果在很大程度上是未知的。然而,目前的研究表明,要管理沿海生态系统和预测未来的变化,需要更好地了解这种同时发生的多样性变化如何影响生态系统功能。
The biodiversity of ecosystems worldwide is changing because of species loss due to human-caused extinctions and species gain through intentional and accidental introductions. Here we show that the combined effect of these two processes is altering the trophic structure of food webs in coastal marine systems. This is because most extinctions (∼70%) occur at high trophic levels (top predators and other carnivores), while most invasions are by species from lower trophic levels (70% macroplanktivores, deposit feeders, and detritivores). These opposing changes thus alter the shape of marine food webs from a trophic pyramid capped by a diverse array of predators and consumers to a shorter, squatter configuration dominated by filter feeders and scavengers. The consequences of the simultaneous loss of diversity at top trophic levels and gain at lower trophic levels is largely unknown. However, current research suggests that a better understanding of how such simultaneous changes in diversity can impact ecosystem function will be required to manage coastal ecosystems and forecast future changes.
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