Systematic observation of mask adherence and distancing (SOMAD): Findings from Philadelphia.
Systematic observation of mask adherence and distancing (SOMAD): Findings from Philadelphia.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101449
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发表时间：
2021-09
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
McKenzie TL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen DA;Talarowski M;Awomolo O;Han B;Williamson S;McKenzie TL
面罩依从性因性别、年龄组和种族/民族而异。面罩粘附性也因身体活动水平、设置和位置而异。观察到不正确使用口罩（17%）和不遵守（40%根本没有口罩）的比率很高。在贫困程度较高的社区，口罩依从性较低。保持6英尺的距离是西班牙裔最低的。遵守面部遮盖物及身体距离指引是遏制COVID-19大流行的关键策略，但并未统一遵守。了解与坚持戴口罩和物理距离相关的因素可能有助于指导未来的控制工作。我们于2020年8月在宾夕法尼亚州费城10个市理事会区的公园、游乐场和商业街进行了一项使用口罩粘附和距离系统观察（SOMAD）的观察性研究。戴口罩的正确不同设置与最高坚持在商业领域和最低的游乐场。近17%的人戴着没有遮住鼻子和/或嘴的可见口罩。在正确使用面罩方面存在多种差异。女性的患病率高于男性（未校正的相对危险度= 1.40，p < .0001），老年人的患病率高于任何其他年龄组（未校正的卡方检验p < .0001）。亚洲人正确佩戴口罩的频率最高[与非西班牙裔白色人相比，调整后的对数比值比（LOR）= 0.53，p = 0.02]。在人口密度较高的地区，正确佩戴口罩的比例较高（调整后的LOR = 0.03/1000/平方英里，p = 0.02），而在贫困程度较高的地区，正确佩戴口罩的比例较低（调整后的LOR =-0.01，p = 0.03）。坚持佩戴口罩和保持身体距离的差异可能反映了性别、年龄组和种族/民族对风险的认知差异。虽然COVID-19传播的风险在户外环境中较低，但不太可能为零。男性和少数群体使用口罩的比率较低，表明需要加大努力，加强对建议准则的遵守。
Mask adherence differed by gender, age group, and race/ethnicity. Mask adherence also differs by physical activity level, setting, and location. High rates of incorrect mask usage (17%) and non-adherence (40% with no mask at all) were observed. Mask adherence was lower in higher poverty neighborhoods. Maintaining a 6-foot distance was lowest for Hispanics. Adherence to guidelines for face coverings and physical distancing are critical strategies to stem the COVID-19 pandemic but are not uniformly followed. Understanding factors associated with adherence to mask-wearing and physical distancing may help guide future control efforts. We conducted an observational study using Systematic Observation of Mask Adherence and Distancing (SOMAD) in August 2020 in parks, playgrounds and commercial streets in each of 10 City Council Districts in Philadelphia, PA. Wearing a mask correctly varied by setting with highest adherence in commercial areas and lowest in playgrounds. Almost 17% wore visible masks that did not cover the nose and/or mouth. There were multiple disparities in correct mask use. Females had higher rates than males (unadjusted relative risk = 1.40, p < .0001) and seniors higher than any other age group (unadjusted chi-square p < .0001). Asians wore masks correctly the most often [adjusted log odds ratio (LOR) = 0.53 compared with non-Hispanic white, p = 0.02]. Correct mask-wearing was higher in areas with a higher population density (adjusted LOR = 0.03 per one thousand/square mile, p = 0.02) and lower in higher poverty areas (adjusted LOR = −0.01, p = .03). Disparities in adherence to mask wearing and physical distancing likely reflect differences in perception of risk by gender, age group, and race/ethnicity. While the risk of COVID-19 transmission is lower in outdoor settings, it is unlikely to be zero. The lower rates of mask use by males and minority groups suggest increased efforts are needed to enhance adherence to recommended guidelines.
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DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.mm7007e1externalicon
发表时间：
2021-02-19
影响因子：
33.9
作者：
Brooks, John T.;Beezhold, Donald H.;Lindsley, William G.
通讯作者：
Lindsley, William G.
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
McKenzie, Thomas L.
通讯作者：
McKenzie, Thomas L.
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
MCKENZIE, TL;SALLIS, JF;NELSON, JA
通讯作者：
NELSON, JA
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
MCKENZIE, TL;SALLIS, JF;NADER, PR
通讯作者：
NADER, PR
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Cohen, Deborah A.;Setodji, Claude;McKenzie, Thomas L.
通讯作者：
McKenzie, Thomas L.