Seasonally intermittent water flow through deep fractures in an Alpine Rock Ridge: Gemsstock, Central Swiss Alps

Seasonally intermittent water flow through deep fractures in an Alpine Rock Ridge: Gemsstock, Central Swiss Alps
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季节性间歇性水流穿过高山岩脊的深层裂缝:瑞士中部阿尔卑斯山的 Gemsstock

DOI:
10.1016/j.coldregions.2016.02.010
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
R. Kenner
R. Kenner
中科院分区:
工程技术3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Phillips;Haberkorn;Draebing;Krautblatter;Rhyner;R. Kenner

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地质调查和地震折射层析成像显示,在高山永久冻土的下缘,Gemsstock岩脊(瑞士中部阿尔卑斯山)内有一系列70°陡峭、平行和连续的裂缝。在通过山脊底部的40米水平钻孔中的温度测量表明,虽然岩石内部的传导热占主导地位,但在夏季记录到短暂的负和正温度异常。它们的幅度很小,与夏季持续时间超过12小时的降雨事件相吻合。相比之下,春季融雪期间完全没有异常的热信号表明,径流不会穿透开放的节理,尽管相当于400毫米的高雪水当量。这归因于在积雪融化期间,在积雪覆盖层和阴凉的北面岩壁上的冷岩之间形成了大约20厘米厚、连续和不透水的基础冰层。因此,尽管存在深厚的裂隙,但泉水融雪并不影响岩石中心的岩石温度。因此,在这个场地,融雪渗入对深部岩壁稳定性的力学影响是可以忽略不计的。
Geological investigations and seismic refraction tomography reveal a series of 70° steep, parallel and continuous fractures at 2950 m asl within the Gemsstock rock ridge (Central Swiss Alps), at the lower fringe of alpine permafrost. Temperature measurements in a 40 m horizontal borehole through the base of the ridge show that whilst conductive heat transfer dominates within the rock mass, brief negative and positive temperature anomalies are registered in summer. These have very small amplitudes and coincide with summer rainfall events lasting longer than 12 h. In contrast, a complete lack of anomalous thermal signals during spring snowmelt suggests that runoff does not penetrate the open joints, despite high snow water equivalents of around 400 mm. This is attributed to the development of an approximately 20 cm thick, continuous and impermeable basal ice layer which forms at the interface between the snow cover and the cold rock on the shady North facing rock wall during snowmelt. Spring snowmelt water therefore does not affect rock temperatures in the centre of the rock mass, despite the presence of deep open joints. The mechanical impact of snowmelt infiltration on rock wall stability at depth is thus assumed to be negligible at this site.
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