The dual origin of semantic errors in access deficit: activation vs. inhibition deficit
The dual origin of semantic errors in access deficit: activation vs. inhibition deficit
复制标题
访问缺陷语义错误的双重根源：激活缺陷与抑制缺陷
作者：
N. Nozari
摘要 根据大多数语言产生模型，要命名一幅图片，必须首先将语义特征映射到词汇项上。即使两组表示都完好无损，将语义映射到词汇表示的问题也会损害生产。存在这个问题（有时被称为“访问缺陷”）的个体通常表现出保留语义知识的证据（例如，良好的理解力），生产中词汇（通常是语义）错误率增加，以及在不同场合命名同一图片的准确性不一致。在本文中，我认为获取赤字可能有两个不同的病因。我将介绍两个患有慢性中风后失语症的人之间双重解离的案例，其中一个人显示出与语义特征中目标词汇项的激活受损（激活缺陷）相一致的特征，而另一个人则显示出与竞争词汇项的抑制受损（抑制缺陷）相一致的特征。这些结果具有三个关键意义：（a）它们为单词生成计算模型中激活和选择过程之间的理论分离提供了支持，（b）它们指出了抑制控制在词汇选择中的关键作用，（c）它们邀请人们对访问缺陷个体的语义错误的起源进行更仔细的检查，以便选择最佳的治疗方案。
ABSTRACT According to most models of language production, to name a picture one must first map semantic features onto lexical items. Even if both sets of representations are intact, problems in mapping semantic to lexical representations can impair production. Individuals with this problem, sometimes referred to as “access deficit”, often demonstrate evidence of preserved semantic knowledge (e.g., good comprehension), increased rate of lexical (usually semantic) errors in production, and inconsistent accuracy on naming the same picture on different occasions. In this paper, I argue that access deficit can have two distinct etiologies. I will present a case of double dissociation between two individuals with chronic post-stroke aphasia, one of whom shows a profile compatible with impaired activation of the target lexical item from semantic features (activation deficit), while the other shows a profile compatible with impaired inhibition of competing lexical items (inhibition deficit). These results have three key implications: (a) they provide support for the theoretical separation between activation and selection processes in computational models of word production, (b) they point to the critical role of inhibitory control in lexical selection, and (c) they invite a closer inspection of the origin of semantic errors in individuals with access deficit in order to choose the best treatment option.
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.33.3.503
发表时间：
2007-05-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Mahon, Bradford Z.;Costa, Albert;Caramazza, Alfonso
通讯作者：
Caramazza, Alfonso
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Bahlmann, Joerg;Blumenfeld, Robert S.;D'Esposito, Mark
通讯作者：
D'Esposito, Mark
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Nozari, N.;Novick, J.
通讯作者：
Novick, J.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Rapp, B;Goldrick, M
通讯作者：
Goldrick, M
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.94.26.14792
发表时间：
1997-12-23
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Thompson-Schill, SL;D'Esposito, M;Farah, MJ
通讯作者：
Farah, MJ