Memory in microbes: quantifying history-dependent behavior in a bacterium.
Memory in microbes: quantifying history-dependent behavior in a bacterium.
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微生物中的记忆：量化细菌中历史依赖性行为。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0001700
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发表时间：
2008-02-27
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Arkin, Adam P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wolf, Denise M.;Fontaine-Bodin, Lisa;Bischofs, Ilka;Price, Gavin;Keasling, Jay;Arkin, Adam P.
记忆通常与高等生物有关，而不是细菌。然而，越来越多的证据表明，细菌内部的许多调节网络能够复杂的动态和多稳定的行为，这些行为与其他系统的记忆有关。此外，人们认识到，经历过不同环境历史的细菌可能对当前条件有不同的反应。这些“记忆”效应可能不仅仅是控制驯化的调节机制或代谢储存状态的偶然事件。相反，它们可能是由细胞调节的，并赋予有机体在它参与的进化游戏中的适应性。在这里，我们提出历史依赖行为是记忆的潜在重要表现，值得分类和量化。为此，我们开发了一个基于信息理论的概念框架，用于测量微生物记忆的持久性和在历史依赖动力学中编码的关于过去的信息量。这种方法产生了细胞记忆的现象学测量，而不考虑编码它的特定细胞机制。然后，我们将这一框架应用于枯草芽孢杆菌菌株，该菌株经过工程改造，报告了其产孢和降解酶（AprE）合成的承诺，并估计了这些系统和生长动力学的能力，以“记住”在施加共同应激源之前10种不同的细胞历史。分析表明，枯草芽孢杆菌在短期和长期内都能记住其细胞历史的各个方面，而且这种记忆在可观察物中的分布是不同的。虽然这项研究没有研究记忆的机制基础，但它提出了一个量化细胞行为记忆的框架，因此是研究细胞调节和进化策略新问题的起点。
Memory is usually associated with higher organisms rather than bacteria. However, evidence is mounting that many regulatory networks within bacteria are capable of complex dynamics and multi-stable behaviors that have been linked to memory in other systems. Moreover, it is recognized that bacteria that have experienced different environmental histories may respond differently to current conditions. These “memory” effects may be more than incidental to the regulatory mechanisms controlling acclimation or to the status of the metabolic stores. Rather, they may be regulated by the cell and confer fitness to the organism in the evolutionary game it participates in. Here, we propose that history-dependent behavior is a potentially important manifestation of memory, worth classifying and quantifying. To this end, we develop an information-theory based conceptual framework for measuring both the persistence of memory in microbes and the amount of information about the past encoded in history-dependent dynamics. This method produces a phenomenological measure of cellular memory without regard to the specific cellular mechanisms encoding it. We then apply this framework to a strain of Bacillus subtilis engineered to report on commitment to sporulation and degradative enzyme (AprE) synthesis and estimate the capacity of these systems and growth dynamics to ‘remember’ 10 distinct cell histories prior to application of a common stressor. The analysis suggests that B. subtilis remembers, both in short and long term, aspects of its cell history, and that this memory is distributed differently among the observables. While this study does not examine the mechanistic bases for memory, it presents a framework for quantifying memory in cellular behaviors and is thus a starting point for studying new questions about cellular regulation and evolutionary strategy.
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