Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) from the 2021/22 epizootic is highly duck adapted and poorly adapted to chickens
Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) from the 2021/22 epizootic is highly duck adapted and poorly adapted to chickens
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2021/22年动物流行的分支2.3.4.4b H5N1高致病性禽流感病毒（HPAIV）对鸭适应性强，对鸡适应性较差
DOI：
10.1101/2023.02.07.527270
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
James J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
James J
2021/2022年高致病性禽流感(HPAIV)疫情仍是英国有史以来最大的疫情之一，由2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV分支引起。这一流行病影响了145多个家禽饲养场，很可能是受到受感染的野鸟的独立入侵，并得到了1700多起野鸟死亡病例中H5N1病毒单独检测的支持。本研究以H5N1-21亚型禽流感病毒为代表，对其毒力、致病机制及在蛋鸡和北京鸭这两个具有重要流行病学意义的物种中的传播进行了研究。我们用递减的H5N1-21剂量接种了这两种禽类。该病毒对鸭的感染性很强，感染水平较高，并伴有病毒RNA的脱落，即使在最低剂量接种的鸭中也是如此，反映了2.3.4.4株HPAIV对水禽的强烈适应。鸭对鸭的传播非常有效，加上高度的环境污染。在水源中经常检测到H5N1-21，这可能是鸭子的感染源，但可吸入粉尘和气雾剂的传播风险较低。相比之下，接种最高剂量的鸡与鸭子相比，感染率较低。在两种饲养密度的情况下，没有证据表明H5N1-21实验性传播给任何幼鸡，同时在鸡环境中检测到最少和很少发生的污染。全身性病毒传播到多个器官反映了这两个物种的致病机制和高死亡率。综上所述，H5N1-21病毒在鹰形目动物中具有高度的传染性和传播性，但相对较差地适应鹰形目动物，支持对野生水禽的强烈宿主偏好。在持续的流行性疾病流行期间，关键环境基质也被确定为对该病毒的流行病学传播具有重要作用。
The 2021/2022 epizootic of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAIV) remains one of the largest ever in the UK, being caused by a clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV. This epizootic affected more than 145 poultry premises, most likely through independent incursion from infected wild birds, supported by more than 1700 individual detections of H5N1 from wild bird mortalities. Here an H5N1 HPAIV, representative of this epizootic (H5N1-21), was used to investigate its virulence, pathogenesis and transmission in layer chickens and Pekin ducks, two species of epidemiological importance. We inoculated both avian species with decreasing H5N1-21 doses. The virus was highly infectious in ducks, with high infection levels and accompanying shedding of viral RNA, even in ducks inoculated with the lowest dose, reflecting the strong waterfowl adaptation of the clade 2.3.4.4 HPAIVs. Duck-to-duck transmission was very efficient, coupled with high environmental contamination. H5N1-21 was frequently detected in water sources, serving as likely sources of infection for ducks, but inhalable dust and aerosols represented low transmission risks. In contrast, chickens inoculated with the highest dose exhibited lower rates of infection compared to ducks. There was no evidence for experimental H5N1-21 transmission to any naive chickens, in two stocking density scenarios, coupled with minimal and infrequent contamination being detected in the chicken environment. Systemic viral dissemination to multiple organs reflected the pathogenesis and high mortalities in both species. In summary, the H5N1-21 virus is highly infectious and transmissible in anseriformes, yet comparatively poorly adapted to galliformes, supporting strong host preferences for wild waterfowl. Key environmental matrices were also identified as being important in the epidemiological spread of this virus during the continuing epizootic.
初次免疫反应期间鸡脾中抗原的捕获及其与吞噬活性的关系。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1973
期刊：
Nature: New biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Z. Nagy;E. Horváth;Zsuzsanna Urban
通讯作者：
Zsuzsanna Urban
农业和其他人造系统中禽流感的流行病学
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
D. Swayne
通讯作者：
D. Swayne
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
James, Joe;Byrne, Alexander M. P.;Brookes, Sharon M.
通讯作者：
Brookes, Sharon M.