The role of future anthropogenic methane emissions in air quality and climate

The role of future anthropogenic methane emissions in air quality and climate
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未来人为甲烷排放对空气质量和气候的作用

DOI:
10.1038/s41612-022-00247-5
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
9
通讯作者:
Staniaszek Z
Staniaszek Z
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Staniaszek Z

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减少温室气体排放对于实现《巴黎气候协定》的目标至关重要。一种关键的气体是甲烷,在大多数气候模型中,甲烷的表现受到规定的地表浓度的限制。在此,我们使用英国地球系统模型(UKESM1)的甲烷排放驱动的新版本,并模拟零人为甲烷排放情景(ZAME),以便(i)确定人为甲烷排放对地球系统的作用,(ii)对理论上最大缓解的潜力进行方框。与反事实预测(SSP3-7.0,甲烷的“最坏情况”情景)相比,我们发现了对大气成分和气候的深刻、快速和持续的影响。在ZAME,甲烷在12年内下降到工业化前水平以下,全球地表臭氧减少到20世纪70年代的水平。到2050年,每年69万人过早死亡和1°的变暖可归因于SSP3-7.0中的人为甲烷。这项工作展示了减少甲烷排放的巨大潜力及其对空气质量的共同好处,但也重申了对二氧化碳(CO2)排放采取行动的必要性。我们表明,甲烷排放驱动的处理对于模拟甲烷排放变化的完整地球系统影响和反馈至关重要。
Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions is crucial for achieving the goals of the Paris climate agreement. One key gas is methane, whose representation in most climate models is limited by using prescribed surface concentrations. Here we use a new, methane emissions-driven version of the UK Earth System Model (UKESM1) and simulate a zero anthropogenic methane emissions scenario (ZAME) in order to (i) attribute the role of anthropogenic methane emissions on the Earth system and (ii) bracket the potential for theoretical maximum mitigation. We find profound, rapid and sustained impacts on atmospheric composition and climate, compared to a counterfactual projection (SSP3-7.0, the ’worst case’ scenario for methane). In ZAME, methane declines to below pre-industrial levels within 12 years and global surface ozone decreases to levels seen in the 1970s. By 2050, 690,000 premature deaths per year and 1° of warming can be attributed to anthropogenic methane in SSP3-7.0. This work demonstrates the significant maximum potential of methane emissions reductions, and their air-quality co-benefits, but also reiterates the need for action on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. We show that a methane emissions-driven treatment is essential for simulating the full Earth system impacts and feedbacks of methane emissions changes.
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