Numerical exploration of first-order relativistic hydrodynamics

Numerical exploration of first-order relativistic hydrodynamics
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一阶相对论流体动力学的数值探索

DOI:
10.1103/physrevd.104.023015
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Pretorius, Frans
Pretorius, Frans
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pandya, Alex;Pretorius, Frans

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我们提出的因果关系,稳定的相对论Navier-Stokes方程的第一个数值解,制定Bemfica,Disconzi,Noronha,和Kovtun(BDNK)。对于这个初步的调查,我们限制在闵可夫斯基时空中的共形流体的平面对称配置。我们考虑三类初始数据的演变:一个光滑的(最初)固定的能量集中,一个标准的激波管设置,和一个光滑的冲击波设置。我们将这些解决方案与基于Müller-Israel-Stewart(MIS)形式主义的代码所获得的解决方案进行比较,这些代码的变体是今天用来模拟相对论粘性流体的常用工具。我们发现,对于两个光滑的初始数据的情况下,简单的有限差分方法是足够的BDNK方程获得稳定的,收敛的解决方案。对于低粘度,MIS和BDNK的演变表现出良好的一致性。在高粘度下,溶液开始在具有大梯度的区域中不同,并且在那里BDNK溶液可以(如预期的那样)表现出对弱能量条件的违反。这种行为是短暂的,和解决方案的方式向流体动力学制度的方式让人想起一个通用的吸引子的方法。对于冲击波问题,我们给出的证据表明,如果选择一个流体动力学框架,使BDNK系统的最大特征速度是光速(或更大),任意强的冲击波顺利解决。关于激波管问题,目前还不清楚是否不连续的初始数据是数学上的BDNK系统适定,即使在一个弱的意义。然而,我们尝试数值解,然后需要处理的完美的流体项使用高分辨率激波捕捉(HRSC)方法。当这种方法可以成功地发展的解决方案超出了初始时间,随后的演变符合相应的MIS解决方案,以及在零粘度的限制完美的流体解决方案。
We present the first numerical solutions of the causal, stable relativistic Navier-Stokes equations as formulated by Bemfica, Disconzi, Noronha, and Kovtun (BDNK). For this initial investigation we restrict to plane-symmetric configurations of a conformal fluid in Minkowski spacetime. We consider evolution of three classes of initial data: a smooth (initially) stationary concentration of energy, a standard shock tube setup, and a smooth shockwave setup. We compare these solutions to those obtained with a code based on the Müller-Israel-Stewart (MIS) formalism, variants of which are the common tools used today to model relativistic, viscous fluids. We find that for the two smooth initial data cases, simple finite difference methods are adequate to obtain stable, convergent solutions to the BDNK equations. For low viscosity, the MIS and BDNK evolutions show good agreement. At high viscosity the solutions begin to differ in regions with large gradients, and there the BDNK solutions can (as expected) exhibit violation of the weak energy condition. This behavior is transient, and the solutions evolve toward a hydrodynamic regime in a way reminiscent of an approach to a universal attractor. For the shockwave problem, we give evidence that if a hydrodynamic frame is chosen so that the maximum characteristic speed of the BDNK system is the speed of light (or larger), arbitrarily strong shockwaves are smoothly resolved. Regarding the shock tube problem, it is unclear whether discontinuous initial data is mathematically well-posed for the BDNK system, even in a weak sense. Nevertheless we attempt numerical solution, and then need to treat the perfect fluid terms using high-resolution shock-capturing (HRSC) methods. When such methods can successfully evolve the solution beyond the initial time, subsequent evolution agrees with corresponding MIS solutions, as well as the perfect fluid solution in the limit of zero viscosity.
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DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2014.0055
发表时间: 2014
期刊: Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
影响因子: --
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2018
期刊: Journal of Mathematics and Physics
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