Simple rules describe bottom-up and top-down control in food webs with alternative energy pathways.

Simple rules describe bottom-up and top-down control in food webs with alternative energy pathways.
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简单的规则描述了具有替代能源途径的食物网中自下而上和自上而下的控制

DOI:
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01823.x
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
8.8
通讯作者:
De Roos
De Roos
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wollrab;De Roos

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人类对世界生态系统的许多影响对食物网的顶部或底部都有最大的直接影响。为了预测它们对整个生态系统的影响,我们必须了解这些影响如何传播。这项工作中一个长期存在但迄今为止难以捉摸的问题是如何将食物网的复杂性降低到数学上易于处理但在经验上相关的系统。最近有人提倡简化连接初级生产者和顶级消费者的主要能源渠道。按照这种方法,我们提出了一个分析生态系统自下而上和自上而下强迫的通用框架,通过将食物网减少到源自初级生产者竞争行会共享的有限资源(例如可食用植物与防御植物)的两条能量途径。通过探索此类网络的动态模型,我们发现它们对营养富集和顶级消费者收获的平衡反应仅由两个易于测量的拓扑特性决定:组成食物链的长度(奇数-奇数、奇数-偶数或偶数-偶数)以及重新连接两条路径的通才顶级消费者的存在与否(产生环状与分支网)。许多结果可推广到其他环状或分支网状结构,并且该模型可以轻松适应以包括碎屑路径。
Many human influences on the world's ecosystems have their largest direct impacts at either the top or the bottom of the food web. To predict their ecosystem‐wide consequences we must understand how these impacts propagate. A long‐standing, but so far elusive, problem in this endeavour is how to reduce food web complexity to a mathematically tractable, but empirically relevant system. Simplification to main energy channels linking primary producers to top consumers has been recently advocated. Following this approach, we propose a general framework for the analysis of bottom‐up and top‐down forcing of ecosystems by reducing food webs to two energy pathways originating from a limiting resource shared by competing guilds of primary producers (e.g. edible vs. defended plants). Exploring dynamical models of such webs we find that their equilibrium responses to nutrient enrichment and top consumer harvesting are determined by only two easily measurable topological properties: the lengths of the component food chains (odd–odd, odd–even, or even–even) and presence vs. absence of a generalist top consumer reconnecting the two pathways (yielding looped vs. branched webs). Many results generalise to other looped or branched web structures and the model can be easily adapted to include a detrital pathway.
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