An RF-Ultrasound Relay for Adaptive Wireless Powering Across Tissue Interfaces.
An RF-Ultrasound Relay for Adaptive Wireless Powering Across Tissue Interfaces.
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DOI：
10.1109/jssc.2022.3171233
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发表时间：
2022-11
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Arbabian, Amin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
So, Ernest;Yeon, Pyungwoo;Chichilnisky, E. J.;Arbabian, Amin
关键词：
RelaysRadio frequencyImplantsWireless communicationArray signal processingMediaRetinaAdiabatic power amplifier (PA)beamformingimplantable medical device (IMD)in-depth poweringinductive poweringmulti-output regulating rectifier (MORR)phased arraypower relayretinal implantultrasonic power transferwireless power transfer
单模态无线电力传输对于毫米大小的空气/组织或头骨/组织界面植入物的深度有限，因为它们要么在组织中遭受高损耗（RF，光学），要么在介质界面（超声波（US））遭受高反射。本文提出了一种介质接口上的RF-US中继芯片，避免了边界处的反射，实现了毫米大小的植入物跨多种介质的高效无线供电。该继电器芯片在186 mW负载下，使用功率转换效率为81%的多输出调节整流器（MORR）通过85.5%效率的射频感应链路（跨空气）对输入的射频功率进行整流，并使用绝热功率放大器（PAs）将超声波传输到植入物，以尽量减少级联功率损耗。为了使US焦点适应植入物的移动或放置，波束形成使用6通道US PAs，具有2位相位控制（0、90、180和270°）和来自MORR的3个不同振幅（6 - 29、4.5和1.8 V）。绝热PA的效率比d类提高了30-40%，波束形成在2.5 cm处比固定聚焦的效率提高了251%。概念验证的视网膜植入物供电系统，从眼镜上的外部PA到1.2 cm（空气）+ 2.9 cm（琼脂眼球幻影在物物油中）分离距离的水听器，其负载（PDL）的功率为946 μW。采用180 nm高压（HV） BCD工艺制备了2.3 × 2 mm2继电器芯片。
Single modality wireless power transfer has limited depth for mm-sized implants across air / tissue or skull / tissue interfaces because they either suffer from high loss in tissue (RF, Optical) or high reflection at the medium interface (Ultrasound (US)). This paper proposes an RF-US relay chip at the media interface avoiding the reflection at the boundary, and enabling efficient wireless powering to mm-sized deep implants across multiple media. The relay chip rectifies the incoming RF power through an 85.5% efficient RF inductive link (across air) using a multi-output regulating rectifier (MORR) with 81% power conversion efficiency (PCE) at 186 mW load, and transmits ultrasound using adiabatic power amplifiers (PAs) to the implant in order to minimize cascaded power loss. To adapt the US focus to implant movement or placement, beamforming was implemented using 6 channels of US PAs with 2-bit phase control (0, 90, 180, and 270°) and 3 different amplitudes (6–29, 4.5, and 1.8 V) from the MORR. The adiabatic PA contributes a 30–40% increase in efficiency over class-D and beamforming increases the efficiency by 251% at 2.5 cm over fixed focusing. The proof-of-concept powering system for a retinal implant, from an external PA on a pair of glasses to a hydrophone with 1.2 cm (air) + 2.9 cm (agar eyeball phantom in mineral oil) separation distance, had a power delivered to the load (PDL) of 946 μW. The 2.3 × 2 mm2 relay chip was fabricated in a 180 nm high-voltage (HV) BCD process.
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影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Arbabian, Amin;Chang, Ting Chia;Weber, Marcus J.
通讯作者：
Weber, Marcus J.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Kiani M;Lee B;Yeon P;Ghovanloo M
通讯作者：
Ghovanloo M
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Cheng, Lin;Ki, Wing-Hung;Tsui, Chi-Ying
通讯作者：
Tsui, Chi-Ying
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Choi, Myungjoon;Jang, Taekwang;Sylvester, Dennis
通讯作者：
Sylvester, Dennis
DOI：
10.1109/58.139123
发表时间：
1992-03-01
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
JENSEN, JA;SVENDSEN, NB
通讯作者：
SVENDSEN, NB