Flood Risk as Legacy Vulnerability: Reading the past into the present for environmental justice
Flood Risk as Legacy Vulnerability: Reading the past into the present for environmental justice
复制标题
洪水风险作为遗留漏洞：回顾过去，展望现在，实现环境正义
DOI：
10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103757
复制
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Hardy, Dean
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hardy, Dean
几十年来，环境正义研究的重点是确定跨社会差异的环境危害不成比例的负担的现有模式。然而，相对较少的研究探讨历史模式的“遗产效应”。在洪水风险研究中，一些学者强调了系统过程在历史上形成和产生洪水风险模式中观察到的差异的作用。这些研究表明，这种关系与种族化的土地争夺和领土剥夺的历史有关。在本文中，我认为，学者们需要做的不仅仅是量化当今社会差异的不成比例的负担，或者解释造成这些差异的系统过程。我认为，“遗产脆弱性”有助于确定如何从洪水风险的潜在危害，边缘化群体可能居住在过去的事件，在空间上隐藏的印记，但时空揭示不公正的模式后，今天的景观。在萨佩洛岛的洪水风险评估，初步结果表明，当比较当代洪水风险的萨佩洛的Geechee后裔（黑人和大多数低到中等收入）的非后裔新业主（大多数是白色和富裕）的环境正义的差距比例洪水风险负担不存在。然而，一项反事实的洪水风险评估结果显示，历史上拥有的Geechee财产中约有三分之一位于当代百年一遇洪水区之外，而今天则为零。换句话说，今天大约三分之一的Geechee财产的洪水风险是一个遗留的脆弱性直接关系到种族化的土地剥夺，在二十世纪中期展开。
Decades of environmental justice research has focused on identifying existing patterns of disproportionate burdens to environmental harms across social difference. However, relatively few studies examine the “legacy effect” of historical patterns. In flood risk studies specifically, several scholars have highlighted the role of systemic processes in historically shaping and producing observed disparities in flood risk patterns. These studies reveal that such relations are tied to histories of racialized land struggles and territorial dispossessions. In this paper, I argue that scholars need to do more than quantify today’s disproportionate burdens across social difference or explain the systemic processes causing those disparities. I suggest that “legacy vulnerability” helps identify how the potential for harm from flood risk to marginalized groups may reside in events of the past that have imprinted a spatially hidden, but spatiotemporally revealed unjust pattern upon today’s landscape. In a flood risk assessment of Sapelo Island, the initial results suggest that when comparing contemporary flood risk of Sapelo’s Geechee descendant (Black and mostly low-to-middle income) to non-descendant newcomer owners (mostly white and affluent) an environmental justice disparity in proportional flood risk burden does not exist. However, results of a counterfactual flood risk assessment show that approximately one-third of historically owned, Geechee property is located outside the contemporary 100-year flood zone compared to zero percent outside of it today. In other words, roughly one-third of Geechee property’s flood risk today is a legacy vulnerability directly tied to racialized land dispossessions that unfolded in the middle twentieth century.
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期刊：
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