The HIV Env Glycoprotein Conformational States on Cells and Viruses.
The HIV Env Glycoprotein Conformational States on Cells and Viruses.
复制标题
HIV Env糖蛋白在细胞和病毒上的构象状态。
作者：
HIV Env糖蛋白是负责病毒进入CD4+免疫细胞的表面糖蛋白。在感染期间，Env也是抗体反应的主要靶点，抗体反应很强大，但无法控制病毒复制。HIV-1Env的免疫逃避似乎使用了复杂的机制来调节呈现给免疫系统的抗原状态。免疫优势特征似乎不同于干扰Env在介导性感染中的功能的表位。此外，细胞-细胞传递研究表明，易受感染的构象状态被额外地隐藏在感染细胞上，即使通过病毒学突触的病毒感染需要在细胞表面存在Env。细胞-细胞感染研究支持感染细胞上的Env以不同于病毒颗粒上的构象呈现。在这里，我们回顾了有关Env构象状态调节的数据，并评估了感染细胞内Env的调节分类如何可能成为区分病毒颗粒表面的Env和感染细胞表面的Env的机制的基础。这些机制可能会使受感染的细胞避免调理，从而在感染者体内的进化过程中为艾滋病毒的细胞间感染提供选择性优势。了解不同的Env构象如何在细胞和病毒上呈现，对于设计有效的疫苗方法和治疗策略以清除受感染的细胞库可能是至关重要的。
The HIV Env glycoprotein is the surface glycoprotein responsible for viral entry into CD4+ immune cells. During infection, Env also serves as a primary target for antibody responses, which are robust but unable to control virus replication. Immune evasion by HIV-1 Env appears to employ complex mechanisms to regulate what antigenic states are presented to the immune system. Immunodominant features appear to be distinct from epitopes that interfere with Env functions in mediating infection. Further, cell-cell transmission studies indicate that vulnerable conformational states are additionally hidden from recognition on infected cells, even though the presence of Env at the cell surface is required for viral infection through the virological synapse. Cell-cell infection studies support that Env on infected cells is presented in distinct conformations from that on virus particles. Here we review data regarding the regulation of conformational states of Env and assess how regulated sorting of Env within the infected cell may underlie mechanisms to distinguish Env on the surface of virus particles versus Env on the surface of infected cells. These mechanisms may allow infected cells to avoid opsonization, providing cell-to-cell infection by HIV with a selective advantage during evolution within an infected individual. Understanding how distinct Env conformations are presented on cells versus viruses may be essential to designing effective vaccine approaches and therapeutic strategies to clear infected cell reservoirs.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Berlioz-Torrent, C;Shacklett, BL;Benarous, R
通讯作者：
Benarous, R
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Caskey M;Klein F;Lorenzi JC;Seaman MS;West AP Jr;Buckley N;Kremer G;Nogueira L;Braunschweig M;Scheid JF;Horwitz JA;Shimeliovich I;Ben-Avraham S;Witmer-Pack M;Platten M;Lehmann C;Burke LA;Hawthorne T;Gorelick RJ;Walker BD;Keler T;Gulick RM;Fätkenheuer G;Schlesinger SJ;Nussenzweig MC
通讯作者：
Nussenzweig MC
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Checkley MA;Luttge BG;Freed EO
通讯作者：
Freed EO
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Bhakta SJ;Shang L;Prince JL;Claiborne DT;Hunter E
通讯作者：
Hunter E