HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein biosynthesis, trafficking, and incorporation.
HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein biosynthesis, trafficking, and incorporation.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jmb.2011.04.042
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发表时间：
2011-07-22
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Freed EO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Checkley MA;Luttge BG;Freed EO
HIV-1包膜（Env）糖蛋白通过在进入过程中介导病毒和细胞膜之间的融合在病毒复制周期中起重要作用。Env糖蛋白被合成为多蛋白前体gp 160，其被细胞蛋白酶切割成成熟的表面糖蛋白gp 120和跨膜糖蛋白gp 41。在病毒组装过程中，gp 120/gp 41复合物作为异源三聚体刺突掺入新生病毒体的脂质双层中。然后这些gp 120/gp 41复合物通过结合靶细胞表面上的受体和共受体来启动感染过程。目前对HIV-1 Env糖蛋白运输途径和gp 120的结构以及gp 41的胞外结构域了解很多。然而，Env糖蛋白复合物掺入病毒颗粒的机制仍不完全清楚。遗传数据支持gp 41的胞质尾区和Gag的基质结构域在Env糖蛋白掺入中的主要作用。仍有待确定的是可能促进Env掺入的宿主细胞因子的身份，以及特定膜微区在此过程中的作用。在这里，我们回顾我们目前的理解HIV-1包膜糖蛋白的运输和纳入病毒粒子。
The HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins play an essential role in the virus replication cycle by mediating the fusion between viral and cellular membranes during the entry process. The Env glycoproteins are synthesized as a polyprotein precursor, gp160, that is cleaved by cellular proteases to the mature surface glycoprotein gp120 and the transmembrane glycoprotein gp41. During virus assembly the gp120/gp41 complex is incorporated as heterotrimeric spikes into the lipid bilayer of nascent virions. These gp120/gp41 complexes then initiate the infection process by binding receptor and co-receptor on the surface of target cells. Much is currently known about the HIV-1 Env glycoprotein trafficking pathway and the structure of gp120 and the extracellular domain of gp41. However, the mechanism by which the Env glycoprotein complex is incorporated into virus particles remains incompletely understood. Genetic data support a major role for the cytoplasmic tail of gp41 and the matrix domain of Gag in Env glycoprotein incorporation. Still to be defined are the identities of host cell factors that may promote Env incorporation, and the role of specific membrane microdomains in this process. Here we review our current understanding of HIV-1 Env glycoprotein trafficking and incorporation into virions.
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