The yeast ALA synthase C-terminus positively controls enzyme structure and function.

The yeast ALA synthase C-terminus positively controls enzyme structure and function.
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DOI:
10.1002/pro.4600
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发表时间:
2023-04
期刊:
Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society
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5-氨基乙酰丙酸合酶 (ALAS) 是一种 5'-磷酸吡哆醛 (PLP) 依赖性酶,可催化 α-变形菌和几种非植物真核生物中血红素生物合成的第一步和限速步骤。所有 ALAS 同源物都包含高度保守的催化核心,但真核生物还具有独特的 C 末端延伸,在酶调节中发挥作用。该区域的一些突变与人类多种血液疾病有关。在酿酒酵母 ALAS (Hem1) 中,C 末端延伸包裹同源二聚体核心,以接触邻近相反活性位点的保守 ALAS 基序。为了确定这些 Hem1 C 末端相互作用的重要性,我们确定了缺乏末端 14 个氨基酸的酿酒酵母 Hem1 的晶体结构 (Hem1 ΔCT)。通过截断 C 末端延伸,我们在结构和生物化学上表明,多个催化基序变得灵活,包括对 I 型 PLP 依赖性酶重要的反平行 β 折叠。蛋白质构象的变化导致辅助因子微环境改变、酶活性和催化效率降低以及亚基协同性的消除。这些发现表明,真核生物 ALAS C 末端在介导血红素生物合成中具有同源特异性作用,表明一种自动调节机制,可用于变构调节不同生物体中的血红素生物合成。 PDB 代码:8EIM;
5‐Aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS) is a pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP)‐dependent enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate‐limiting step of heme biosynthesis in α‐proteobacteria and several non‐plant eukaryotes. All ALAS homologs contain a highly conserved catalytic core, but eukaryotes also have a unique C‐terminal extension that plays a role in enzyme regulation. Several mutations in this region are implicated in multiple blood disorders in humans. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae ALAS (Hem1), the C‐terminal extension wraps around the homodimer core to contact conserved ALAS motifs proximal to the opposite active site. To determine the importance of these Hem1 C‐terminal interactions, we determined the crystal structure of S. cerevisiae Hem1 lacking the terminal 14 amino acids (Hem1 ΔCT). With truncation of the C‐terminal extension, we show structurally and biochemically that multiple catalytic motifs become flexible, including an antiparallel β‐sheet important to Fold‐Type I PLP‐dependent enzymes. The changes in protein conformation result in an altered cofactor microenvironment, decreased enzyme activity and catalytic efficiency, and ablation of subunit cooperativity. These findings suggest that the eukaryotic ALAS C‐terminus has a homolog‐specific role in mediating heme biosynthesis, indicating a mechanism for autoregulation that can be exploited to allosterically modulate heme biosynthesis in different organisms. PDB Code(s): 8EIM;
DOI: 10.1107/s090744491003982x
发表时间: 2011-04
期刊: Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography
影响因子: --
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期刊: MOLECULAR MEDICINE
影响因子: 5.7
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发表时间: 2005-09-21
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影响因子: 11.4
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发表时间: 1958-01-01
影响因子: 4.1
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通讯作者: NEUBERGER, A