Acoustic risk balancing by marine mammals: anthropogenic noise can influence the foraging decisions by seals
Acoustic risk balancing by marine mammals: anthropogenic noise can influence the foraging decisions by seals
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海洋哺乳动物的声学风险平衡：人为噪声会影响海豹的觅食决策
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.13931
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Hastie G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hastie G
在许多物种中已经测量到了对人类声音的回避。这些结果通常基于在有限接触环境中的观察，经常用于为政策和工业活动监管提供信息。然而，回避的发生和程度可能是动物做出的复杂风险平衡决定的结果。决策中的因素的重要性，如感知风险与声音或猎物的数量和质量在声音暴露，是未知的。在这里，我们解决这个知识差距，通过测量感知风险的相对影响的声音（沉默，打桩，和潮汐涡轮机）和猎物斑块质量对灰海豹的决策和觅食成功的影响。海豹在一次实验中获得了两个水下“猎物斑块”在一个实验池中，鱼以受控的速率被投放，以模拟低密度（LD）和高密度（HD）的猎物斑块。声学回放使用水下扬声器以上的猎物补丁（随机在研究过程中），和三个决策和觅食指标（觅食持续时间，觅食努力之间的猎物补丁分配，和觅食成功）进行了测量。觅食成功是最高的，在沉默的控制，是相似的，无论扬声器的位置（LD/HD）。在潮汐涡轮机和打桩处理下，当扬声器位于HD猎物补丁时，觅食成功率与对照相似，但当扬声器位于LD猎物补丁时，觅食成功率显著降低（约低16%-28%）。海豹的觅食决定与风险/利润平衡的方法是一致的。回避率取决于猎物补丁的质量以及感知的风险。政策影响。结果表明，觅食的背景是重要的解释时，回避行为，并应考虑预测的影响时，人为活动。例如，声音暴露在不同的猎物补丁质量可能会导致显着不同的回避行为，可能会导致对比预测的影响，在环境评估。我们建议未来的研究明确考虑觅食背景，以及其他背景因素，如行为状态（例如觅食或旅行）和栖息地质量。
Avoidance of anthropogenic sounds has been measured in many species. The results, which are typically based on observations in limited exposure contexts, are frequently used to inform policy and the regulation of industrial activities. However, the occurrence and magnitude of avoidance may be a consequence of complex risk‐balancing decisions made by animals. The importance of the factors in decision‐making, such as perceived risks associated with the sounds or prey quantity and quality during sound exposure, is unknown.Here we address this knowledge gap by measuring the relative influence of perceived –risk of a sound (silence, pile driving, and a tidal turbine) and prey patch quality on decision‐making and foraging success in grey sealsHalichoerus grypus.Seals were given access to two underwater ‘prey patches’ in an experimental pool where fish were delivered at controlled rates to simulate a low‐density (LD) and a high‐density (HD) prey patch. Acoustic playbacks were made using an underwater speaker above one of the prey patches (randomised during the study), and three decision and foraging metrics (foraging duration, foraging effort allocation between the prey patches, and foraging success) were measured.Foraging success was highest during silent controls and was similar regardless of speaker location (LD/HD). Under the tidal turbine and pile‐driving treatments, foraging success was similar to the controls when the speaker was located at the HD prey patch but was significantly reduced (~16%–28% lower) when the speaker was located at the LD prey patch. Foraging decisions by the seals were consistent with a risk/profit balancing approach. Avoidance rates depend on the quality of the prey patch as well as the perceived risk.Policy implications. The results suggest that foraging context is important when interpreting avoidance behaviour and should be considered when predicting the effects of anthropogenic activities. For example, sound exposure in different prey patch qualities may result in markedly different avoidance behaviour, potentially leading to contrasting predictions of impact in Environmental Assessments. We recommend future studies explicitly consider foraging context, and other contextual factors such as behavioural state (e.g. foraging or travelling) and habitat quality.
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动物决策及其生态后果：水生生态和行为的未来
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
L. Dill
通讯作者：
L. Dill
DOI：
10.1086/284969
发表时间：
1989-07
期刊：
The American Naturalist
影响因子：
--
作者：
D. Stephens
通讯作者：
D. Stephens
灰海豹（Halichoerus grypus）对高频声纳的行为反应。
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
G. Hastie;C. Donovan;T. Götz;V. Janik
通讯作者：
V. Janik
浅滩鱼觅食奖励和捕食危险之间的风险平衡权衡
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
T. Pitcher;S. H. Lang;J. Turner
通讯作者：
J. Turner
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Carol E. Sparling;M. Fedak;D. Thompson
通讯作者：
D. Thompson