A novel mathematical model of protein-bound uremic toxin kinetics during hemodialysis.

A novel mathematical model of protein-bound uremic toxin kinetics during hemodialysis.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41598-017-10981-z
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发表时间:
2017-09-04
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Kotanko P
Kotanko P
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Maheshwari V;Thijssen S;Tao X;Fuertinger D;Kappel F;Kotanko P

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蛋白结合的尿毒症毒素(PBUT)难以通过常规血液透析去除;高度的蛋白结合减少了毒素的游离部分,并减少了它们通过透析器膜的扩散。对PBUT动力学的机理理解可以开辟新的途径来改善其透析清除。我们开发了一个全面的PBUT动力学模型,包括:(1)三室患者模型,(2)透析器模型。该模型考虑了蛋白质、毒素和蛋白质-毒素复合物之间的动态平衡。使用文献中的临床和实验数据进行校准和验证,该模型预测了PBUT动力学的关键方面,包括PBUT的游离和结合浓度曲线以及透析液流速和透析器尺寸对PBUT清除的影响。模型模拟表明,透析液流速的增加提高了强蛋白结合毒素(即硫酸吲哚酚和对甲苯硫酸酯)的减少率(和清除率),而对于弱结合毒素(即吲哚-3-乙酸和对甲苯葡糖苷酸),血液流速的增加是有利的。随着透析器性能的改善,强结合PBUT的清除逐渐改善,但幅度不大。所提出的模型可用于优化透析方案,并在硅片测试的新方法,以提高去除PBUT。
Protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) are difficult to remove by conventional hemodialysis; a high degree of protein binding reduces the free fraction of toxins and decreases their diffusion across dialyzer membranes. Mechanistic understanding of PBUT kinetics can open new avenues to improve their dialytic removal. We developed a comprehensive model of PBUT kinetics that comprises: (1) a three-compartment patient model, (2) a dialyzer model. The model accounts for dynamic equilibrium between protein, toxin, and the protein-toxin complex. Calibrated and validated using clinical and experimental data from the literature, the model predicts key aspects of PBUT kinetics, including the free and bound concentration profiles for PBUTs and the effects of dialysate flow rate and dialyzer size on PBUT removal. Model simulations suggest that an increase in dialysate flow rate improves the reduction ratio (and removal) of strongly protein-bound toxins, namely, indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, while for weakly bound toxins, namely, indole-3-acetic acid and p-cresyl glucuronide, an increase in blood flow rate is advantageous. With improved dialyzer performance, removal of strongly bound PBUTs improves gradually, but marginally. The proposed model can be used for optimizing the dialysis regimen and for in silico testing of novel approaches to enhance removal of PBUTs.
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