Next-Generation CRISPR Technologies and Their Applications in Gene and Cell Therapy.

Next-Generation CRISPR Technologies and Their Applications in Gene and Cell Therapy.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.10.010
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发表时间:
2021-07
影响因子:
17.3
通讯作者:
Gaj T
Gaj T
中科院分区:
工程技术1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zeballos C MA;Gaj T

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CRISPR核酸酶的出现为编辑DNA提供了一个简单、高效和多功能的平台,从而改变了生物技术。然而,传统的基于CRISPR的技术通过激活DNA双链断裂修复途径来启动编辑,这可能会对细胞产生不利影响,限制了该技术的某些治疗应用。为此,已经开发了几种基于CRISPR的新模式,它们能够在不需要双链断裂的情况下催化编辑。在这里,我们回顾了其中的三种技术--基础编辑、主要编辑和针对Cas13效应器的RNA靶向。我们讨论了它们与传统基因修饰系统相比的优势,我们强调了它们新兴的治疗应用,并检查了它们安全有效的临床实施所面临的挑战。
The emergence of CRISPR nucleases has transformed biotechnology by providing an easy, efficient and versatile platform for editing DNA. However, traditional CRISPR-based technologies initiate editing by activating DNA double-strand break repair pathways, which can cause adverse effects in cells and restrict certain therapeutic applications of the technology. To this end, several new CRISPR-based modalities have been developed that are capable of catalyzing editing without the requirement for a double-strand break. Here we review three of these technologies – base editors, prime editors and RNA-targeting Cas13 effectors. We discuss their strengths compared to traditional gene-modifying systems, we highlight their emerging therapeutic applications, and we examine challenges facing their safe and effective clinical implementation.
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