Two distinct RNase activities of CRISPR-C2c2 enable guide-RNA processing and RNA detection.

Two distinct RNase activities of CRISPR-C2c2 enable guide-RNA processing and RNA detection.
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CRISPR-C2C2的两种不同的RNase活性启用了指导RNA处理和RNA检测。

DOI:
10.1038/nature19802
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发表时间:
2016-10-13
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Doudna JA
Doudna JA
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
East-Seletsky A;O'Connell MR;Knight SC;Burstein D;Cate JH;Tjian R;Doudna JA

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细菌适应性免疫系统采用CRISPR(成簇的规则间隔的短回文重复序列)和CRISPR相关(Cas)蛋白用于RNA引导的核酸切割。尽管通常靶向DNA底物,但III型和VI型CRISPR系统将干扰复合物导向单链RNA(ssRNA)底物。在VI型系统中,单亚基C2c2蛋白充当RNA引导的RNA内切核酸酶。这种酶如何获得免疫监视所必需的成熟CRISPR RNA(crRNA)及其crRNA介导的RNA切割机制尚不清楚。在这里,我们表明C2c2具有独特的核糖核酸酶活性,负责CRISPR RNA成熟,这与其RNA激活的ssRNA降解活性不同。这些双重核糖核酸酶功能在化学和机制上彼此不同,并且与进化上无关的CRISPR酶Cpf1的crRNA加工行为不同。我们表明,C2c2的两种核糖核酸酶活性使多重加工和加载的指导RNA,从而允许敏感的细胞转录检测。
Bacterial adaptive immune systems employ CRISPRs (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins for RNA-guided nucleic acid cleavage. Although generally targeted to DNA substrates, the Type III and Type VI CRISPR systems direct interference complexes against single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) substrates. In Type VI systems, the single-subunit C2c2 protein functions as an RNA-guided RNA endonuclease. How this enzyme acquires mature CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) essential for immune surveillance and its mechanism of crRNA-mediated RNA cleavage remain unclear. Here we show that C2c2 possesses a unique ribonuclease activity responsible for CRISPR RNA maturation that is distinct from its RNA-activated ssRNA-degradation activity. These dual ribonuclease functions are chemically and mechanistically different from each other and from the crRNA-processing behavior of the evolutionarily unrelated CRISPR enzyme Cpf1. We show that the two ribonuclease activities of C2c2 enable multiplexed processing and loading of guide RNAs that in turn allow for sensitive cellular transcript detection.
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