Increased waterborne blaNDM-1 resistance gene abundances associated with seasonal human pilgrimages to the upper ganges river.
Increased waterborne blaNDM-1 resistance gene abundances associated with seasonal human pilgrimages to the upper ganges river.
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DOI：
10.1021/es405348h
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Graham, D. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ahammad, Z. S.;Sreekrishnan, T. R.;Hands, C. L.;Knapp, C. W.;Graham, D. W.
抗生素耐药性（AR）的根源往往是抗生素使用不当，但水质差和卫生设施不足加剧了这一问题，特别是在新兴国家。一个例子是由于移动的碳青霉烯酶，如NDM-1蛋白（由blaNDM-1基因编码），可产生极端耐药表型，导致多AR增加。2010年，在德里的地表沃茨中检测到NDM-1阳性分离株和blaNDM-1基因，此后在整个城市世界都检测到了。然而，在更原始的地方，如恒河上游的源头，对blaNDM-1水平知之甚少。这个地区特别令人感兴趣，因为它在5月/6月的季节性朝圣期间接待了大量游客，包括来自印度城市的游客。在这里，我们量化了blaNDM-1丰度，其他AR基因（ARG）和大肠菌群的沉积物和水柱样品中的7个站点在恒河上游的Rishikesh-Haridwar地区和5个站点在德里的亚穆纳河对比blaNDM-1水平和季节和地区之间的水质条件。亚穆纳河的水质非常差（例如，在两个季节的水（5.4 ± 0.4 log（blaNDM-1·mL-1）; 95%置信区间）和沉积物（6.3 ± 0.7 log（blaNDM-1·mg-1））样品中，blaNDM-1丰度在各研究中心均较高。相比之下，2月份恒河上游所有地点的水柱blaNDM-1丰度都非常低（2.1 ± 0.6 log（blaNDM-1·mL-1）），水质良好（例如，接近饱和氧）。然而，6月恒河水体中的人均blaNDM-1水平是2月的20倍，blaNDM-1水平与粪大肠菌群水平显著相关（r = 0.61; p = 0.007）。鉴于Rishikesh-Haridwar的废物管理基础设施有限，数据表明游客废物中的blaNDM-1水平高于当地居民，这导致河流中的blaNDM-1水平季节性较高。没有适当废物处理的朝圣地区可能是AR传播的“热点”，必须改善废物处理，以减少通过暴露的返回游客传播AR。
Antibiotic resistance (AR) is often rooted in inappropriate antibiotic use, but poor water quality and inadequate sanitation exacerbate the problem, especially in emerging countries. An example is increasing multi-AR due to mobile carbapenemases, such as NDM-1 protein (coded by blaNDM-1 genes), which can produce extreme drug-resistant phenotypes. In 2010, NDM-1 positive isolates and blaNDM-1 genes were detected in surface waters across Delhi and have since been detected across the urban world. However, little is known about blaNDM-1 levels in more pristine locations, such as the headwaters of the Upper Ganges River. This area is of particular interest because it receives massive numbers of visitors during seasonal pilgrimages in May/June, including visitors from urban India. Here we quantified blaNDM-1 abundances, other AR genes (ARG), and coliform bacteria in sediments and water column samples from seven sites in the Rishikesh-Haridwar region of the Upper Ganges and five sites on the Yamuna River in Delhi to contrast blaNDM-1 levels and water quality conditions between season and region. Water quality in the Yamuna was very poor (e.g., anoxia at all sites), and blaNDM-1 abundances were high across sites in water (5.4 ± 0.4 log(blaNDM-1·mL–1); 95% confidence interval) and sediment (6.3 ± 0.7 log(blaNDM-1·mg–1)) samples from both seasons. In contrast, water column blaNDM-1 abundances were very low across all sites in the Upper Ganges in February (2.1 ± 0.6 log(blaNDM-1·mL–1)), and water quality was good (e.g., near saturation oxygen). However, per capita blaNDM-1 levels were 20 times greater in June in the Ganges water column relative to February, and blaNDM-1 levels significantly correlated with fecal coliform levels (r = 0.61; p = 0.007). Given that waste management infrastructure is limited in Rishikesh-Haridwar, data imply blaNDM-1 levels are higher in visitor’s wastes than local residents, which results in seasonally higher blaNDM-1 levels in the river. Pilgrimage areas without adequate waste treatment are possible “hot spots” for AR transmission, and waste treatment must be improved to reduce broader AR dissemination via exposed returning visitors.
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影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Peak, Nicholas;Knapp, Charles W.;Graham, David W.
通讯作者：
Graham, David W.
对大量人类肠道微生物群中抗生素抗性基因进行宏基因组分析
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Hu, Yongfei;Yang, Xi;Zhu, Baoli
通讯作者：
Zhu, Baoli
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1222743110
发表时间：
2013-02-26
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Zhu, Yong-Guan;Johnson, Timothy A.;Tiedje, James M.
通讯作者：
Tiedje, James M.
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Yu, Y;Lee, C;Hwang, S
通讯作者：
Hwang, S
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Henwood, CJ;Gatward, T;Woodford, N
通讯作者：
Woodford, N