Inhibition of homologous recombination with vorinostat synergistically enhances ganciclovir cytotoxicity.

Inhibition of homologous recombination with vorinostat synergistically enhances ganciclovir cytotoxicity.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.10.008
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发表时间:
2013-12
期刊:
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Shewach, Donna S.
Shewach, Donna S.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ladd, Brendon;Ackroyd, Jeffrey J.;Hicks, J. Kevin;Canman, Christine E.;Flanagan, Sheryl A.;Shewach, Donna S.

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核苷类似物更昔洛韦 (GCV) 通过一种新机制在肿瘤细胞中引发细胞毒性,其中药物掺入 DNA 产生最小的复制破坏,但在药物暴露后的第二个 S 期期间会发生大量 DNA 双链断裂。我们提出,同源重组(HR)是DNA双链断裂的主要修复途径,可以防止GCV诱导的DNA损伤,并且抑制HR将增强GCV的细胞毒性。表达单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶的细胞经 GCV 处理后的存活率强烈依赖于 HR(HR 缺陷的 CHO 细胞与 HR 丰富的 CHO 细胞相比,IC50 降低 >14 倍)。在同源重组报告基因测定中,组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂辛二酰苯胺异羟肟酸(SAHA;伏立诺他)可将 HR 修复事件减少高达 85%。 SAHA 与 GCV 在 U251tk 人胶质母细胞瘤细胞中产生协同细胞毒性。协同机制的阐明表明,SAHA 使 HR 蛋白 Rad51 和 CtIP 产生浓度依赖性减少。 GCV 单独产生了许多 Rad51 焦点,证明了 HR 的激活。然而,添加 SAHA 完全阻止了 GCV 诱导的 Rad51 病灶形成,并增加了 γH2AX(DNA 双链断裂的标记)。 SAHA 加 GCV 还在 HR 丰富的 CHO 细胞中产生协同细胞毒性,但该组合在 HR 缺陷的 CHO 细胞中是拮抗或相加的。总的来说,这些数据表明,HR 通过 GCV 促进存活,而 SAHA 对 HR 的损害导致协同细胞毒性,揭示了通过 GCV 增强抗癌活性的新机制。
The nucleoside analog ganciclovir (GCV) elicits cytotoxicity in tumor cells via a novel mechanism in which drug incorporation into DNA produces minimal disruption of replication, but numerous DNA double strand breaks occur during the second S-phase after drug exposure. We propose that homologous recombination (HR), a major repair pathway for DNA double strand breaks, can prevent GCV-induced DNA damage, and that inhibition of HR will enhance cytotoxicity with GCV. Survival after GCV treatment in cells expressing a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase was strongly dependent on HR (>14-fold decrease in IC50 in HR-deficient vs. HR-proficient CHO cells). In a homologous recombination reporter assay, the histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; vorinostat), decreased HR repair events up to 85%. SAHA plus GCV produced synergistic cytotoxicity in U251tk human glioblastoma cells. Elucidation of the synergistic mechanism demonstrated that SAHA produced a concentration-dependent decrease in the HR proteins Rad51 and CtIP. GCV alone produced numerous Rad51 foci, demonstrating activation of HR. However, the addition of SAHA blocked GCV-induced Rad51 foci formation completely and increased γH2AX, a marker of DNA double strand breaks. SAHA plus GCV also produced synergistic cytotoxicity in HR-proficient CHO cells, but the combination was antagonistic or additive in HR-deficient CHO cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate that HR promotes survival with GCV and compromise of HR by SAHA results in synergistic cytotoxicity, revealing a new mechanism for enhancing anticancer activity with GCV.
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