Effects of immune challenge on expression of life-history and immune trait expression in sexually reproducing metazoans-a meta-analysis.
Effects of immune challenge on expression of life-history and immune trait expression in sexually reproducing metazoans-a meta-analysis.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12915-020-00856-7
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发表时间：
2020-10-07
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Dowling DK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nystrand M;Dowling DK
生活史理论预测了免疫防御和其他健康相关特征之间的权衡。因此，预期个体在经受免疫攻击时上调其免疫应答。然而，预计这将以牺牲对一系列其他性状的投资为代价，这些性状的维持成本很高，如生长、繁殖和生存。目前，尚不清楚这种成本的大小，以及涉及免疫投资和其他特征的权衡，是否在物种和性别之间表现一致。为了解决这个问题，我们进行了一项荟萃分析，以调查性别，个体发育阶段和环境因素的变化如何在免疫挑战后塑造表型性状表达。我们探讨了免疫挑战对有性生殖后生动物三种类型特征的影响：生活史，形态学和近似免疫特征（235个效应量，53项研究，37个物种[21个无脊椎动物与16个脊椎动物]）。我们报告了免疫攻击对生存和繁殖的一般负面影响，对免疫性状表达的积极影响，但对形态或发育时间没有影响。免疫攻击对雌性的繁殖性状和存活率的负面影响大于雄性。我们还报告了一个显着的效果，所使用的免疫治疗剂（例如，治疗是否涉及活病原体或不）对宿主的免疫挑战的反应，并发现在无脊椎动物的宿主反应的交配状态的影响。这些结果表明，免疫挑战后与免疫部署相关的成本是上下文相关的，并且在不同分类谱系的性别中其幅度始终不同。我们综合和讨论的结果在进化理论的背景下性别差异的生活史，并强调未来的研究需要仔细考虑设计的实验，旨在解开免疫部署的成本。
Life-history theory predicts a trade-off between investment into immune defence and other fitness-related traits. Accordingly, individuals are expected to upregulate their immune response when subjected to immune challenge. However, this is predicted to come at the expense of investment into a range of other traits that are costly to maintain, such as growth, reproduction and survival. Currently, it remains unclear whether the magnitude of such costs, and trade-offs involving immune investment and other traits, manifests consistently across species and sexes. To address this, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate how changes in sex, ontogenetic stage and environmental factors shape phenotypic trait expression following an immune challenge. We explored the effects of immune challenge on three types of traits across sexually reproducing metazoans: life-history, morphological and proximate immune traits (235 effect sizes, 53 studies, 37 species [21 invertebrates vs. 16 vertebrates]). We report a general negative effect of immune challenge on survival and reproduction, a positive effect on immune trait expression, but no effect on morphology or development time. The negative effects of immune challenge on reproductive traits and survival were larger in females than males. We also report a pronounced effect of the immune treatment agent used (e.g. whether the treatment involved a live pathogen or not) on the host response to immune challenge, and find an effect of mating status on the host response in invertebrates. These results suggest that costs associated with immune deployment following an immune challenge are context-dependent and differ consistently in their magnitude across the sexes of diverse taxonomic lineages. We synthesise and discuss the outcomes in the context of evolutionary theory on sex differences in life-history and highlight the need for future studies to carefully consider the design of experiments aimed at disentangling the costs of immune deployment.
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DOI：
10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0246
发表时间：
2011-08
期刊：
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cook MB;McGlynn KA;Devesa SS;Freedman ND;Anderson WF
通讯作者：
Anderson WF
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Duval, S;Tweedie, R
通讯作者：
Tweedie, R
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Ahmed, AM;Hurd, H
通讯作者：
Hurd, H
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Bolund E;Lummaa V;Smith KR;Hanson HA;Maklakov AA
通讯作者：
Maklakov AA
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Graham, Andrea L.;Shuker, David M.;Little, Tom J.
通讯作者：
Little, Tom J.