ASXL1/2 mutations and myeloid malignancies.

ASXL1/2 mutations and myeloid malignancies.
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DOI:
10.1186/s13045-022-01336-x
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发表时间:
2022-09-06
影响因子:
28.5
通讯作者:
Yang, Feng-Chun
Yang, Feng-Chun
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Medina, Edward A.;Delma, Caroline R.;Yang, Feng-Chun

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髓系恶性肿瘤通过遗传和表观遗传改变的积累而发展,这些遗传和表观遗传改变使造血干细胞(HSC)自我更新失调,刺激HSC增殖并导致分化缺陷。多梳组(PcG)和三胸组(TrxG)的表观遗传调节剂拮抗作用,以调节基因的表达,关键干细胞功能。编码这些蛋白质的基因,以及与它们相互作用或影响它们在染色质上的占有率的蛋白质,在骨髓恶性肿瘤中经常发生突变。PcG和TrxG蛋白受三胸和多梳增强子(ETP)蛋白的调节。ASXL 1和ASXL 2是组装染色质修饰复合物和转录因子的ETP蛋白。ASXL 1突变常发生在骨髓恶性肿瘤中,并与预后不良相关,而ASXL 2突变常发生在t(8;21)/RUNX 1-RUNX 1 T1 AML中,在其他骨髓恶性肿瘤亚型中较少发生。在此,我们通过总结小鼠模型系统的发现并讨论其潜在的分子机制来综述ASXL 1和ASXL 2在正常和恶性造血中的作用。
Myeloid malignancies develop through the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that dysregulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal, stimulate HSC proliferation and result in differentiation defects. The polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (TrxG) of epigenetic regulators act antagonistically to regulate the expression of genes key to stem cell functions. The genes encoding these proteins, and the proteins that interact with them or affect their occupancy at chromatin, are frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies. PcG and TrxG proteins are regulated by Enhancers of Trithorax and Polycomb (ETP) proteins. ASXL1 and ASXL2 are ETP proteins that assemble chromatin modification complexes and transcription factors. ASXL1 mutations frequently occur in myeloid malignancies and are associated with a poor prognosis, whereas ASXL2 mutations frequently occur in AML with t(8;21)/RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and less frequently in other subtypes of myeloid malignancies. Herein, we review the role of ASXL1 and ASXL2 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis by summarizing the findings of mouse model systems and discussing their underlying molecular mechanisms.
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