Changing climate, changing process: implications for salt transportation and weathering within building sandstones in the UK
Changing climate, changing process: implications for salt transportation and weathering within building sandstones in the UK
复制标题
气候变化、过程变化：对英国建筑砂岩中盐输送和风化的影响
DOI：
10.1007/s12665-013-2278-2
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
McCabe S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCabe S
盐风化是一个至关重要的过程，它带来了石头的变化，从景观规模到石头露头和天然建筑石材表面。众所周知，盐的风化是由温度和湿度的波动控制的，这些参数的反复振荡会导致盐的再结晶、水化/脱水化，从而导致石头表面的损失，例如颗粒分解、结垢和多次剥落。然而，这种关于盐风化过程的“传统”观点可能需要根据当前和未来的气候趋势进行重新评估。事实上，一般来说，气候变化对地貌过程的影响的研究还有相当大的空间。基于对天然建筑石材“深度润湿”的当代研究，作者提出（由于石材可能更湿润），离子扩散可能成为分子成分混合的更重要机制，并建议将重点从物理损伤转移到化学变化。从离子扩散池实验的数据提出了三种不同的砂岩类型，表明盐可以相对迅速地扩散通过多孔的石头（与，例如，密集的混凝土相比）。对进行扩散实验的岩石孔隙水进行了提取和分析。讨论了与岩石内“湿润时间”有关的控制离子扩散的因素（持续饱和、孔隙连通性、矿物学、盐的行为、沉积结构），并讨论了气候变化导致的系统动力学的潜在变化。系统输入可能会随着湿度输入的增加而改变，转化为更大的湿润锋深度。盐在石头中的“储存”方式可能不同，盐在溶液中的时间更长（在漫长的冬季潮湿时）。这对离子的扩散运动和石头（特别是在更可移动的成分中）化学变化的潜力有无数的影响，导致石头基质/晶界胶结的减弱。“输出”可能是元素的动员和沉淀，例如，导致岩石中不均匀的胶结。这种降低了石头的强度，或者削弱了石头吸收压力的能力，可能会使结晶成为一种更有效的腐烂机制。因此，当石制品处于潮湿状态时，结晶开始的延迟并不排除最终发生时夸大或加速的材料损失。
Salt weathering is a crucial process that brings about a change in stone, from the scale of landscapes to stone outcrops and natural building stone façades. It is acknowledged that salt weathering is controlled by fluctuations in temperature and moisture, where repeated oscillations in these parameters can cause re-crystallisation, hydration/de-hydration of salts, bringing about stone surface loss in the form of, for example, granular disaggregation, scaling, and multiple flaking. However, this ‘traditional’ view of how salt weathering proceeds may need to be re-evaluated in the light of current and future climatic trends. Indeed, there is considerable scope for the investigation of consequences of climate change on geomorphological processes in general. Building on contemporary research on the ‘deep wetting’ of natural building stones, it is proposed that (as stone may be wetter for longer), ion diffusion may become a more prominent mechanism for the mixing of molecular constituents, and a shift in focus from physical damage to chemical change is suggested. Data from ion diffusion cell experiments are presented for three different sandstone types, demonstrating that salts may diffuse through porous stone relatively rapidly (in comparison to, for example, dense concrete). Pore water from stones undergoing diffusion experiments was extracted and analysed. Factors controlling ion diffusion relating to ‘time of wetness’ within stones are discussed, (continued saturation, connectivity of pores, mineralogy, behaviour of salts, sedimentary structure), and potential changes in system dynamics as a result of climate change are addressed. System inputs may change in terms of increased moisture input, translating into a greater depth of wetting front. Salts are likely to be ‘stored’ differently in stones, with salt being in solution for longer periods (during prolonged winter wetness). This has myriad implications in terms of the movement of ions by diffusion and the potential for chemical change in the stone (especially in more mobile constituents), leading to a weakening of the stone matrix/grain boundary cementing. The ‘output’ may be mobilisation and precipitation of elements leading to, for example, uneven cementing in the stone. This reduced strength of the stone, or compromised ability of the stone to absorb stress, is likely to make crystallisation a more efficacious mechanism of decay when it does occur. Thus, a delay in the onset of crystallisation while stonework is wet does not preclude exaggerated or accelerated material loss when it finally happens.
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来自肯尼亚马加迪地区的无机层状燧石
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
H. Eugster
通讯作者：
H. Eugster
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
J. Nespereira;J. A. Blanco;M. Yenes;D. Pereira
通讯作者：
J. Nespereira;J. A. Blanco;M. Yenes;D. Pereira
气候变化和“湿润时间”增加对北爱尔兰贝尔法斯特砂岩结构污染和腐烂的影响
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
P. Warke;Bernard Smith;J. Curran
通讯作者：
J. Curran
建筑物潮湿
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
A. C. Oliver
通讯作者：
A. C. Oliver
DOI：
10.1144/gsl.sp.2002.205.01.25
发表时间：
2002-01-01
期刊：
NATURAL STONE, WEATHERING PHENOMENA, CONSERVATION STRATEGIES AND CASE STUDIES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Smith, BJ;Turkington, AV;Curran, JM
通讯作者：
Curran, JM