Type III-A CRISPR immunity promotes mutagenesis of staphylococci.

Type III-A CRISPR immunity promotes mutagenesis of staphylococci.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41586-021-03440-3
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发表时间:
2021-04
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Marraffini LA
Marraffini LA
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mo CY;Mathai J;Rostøl JT;Varble A;Banh DV;Marraffini LA

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水平基因转移(HGT)和突变是微生物进化的两个主要驱动力,使细菌能够适应波动的环境压力。重复的、规则间隔的短回文重复序列(CRISPR)系统使用RNA引导的核酸酶来指导介导HGT的移动的遗传元件(例如接合质粒和噬菌体)的基因组的序列特异性破坏,从而通过该机制限制细菌的进化性。CRISPR系统的一个子集也显示出DNA的非特异性降解;然而,这种特征是否以及如何影响宿主尚未被探索。在这里,我们表明葡萄球菌III-A型CRISPR-Cas系统的非特异性DNA酶活性增加了宿主的突变,并加速了金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌中抗生素耐药性的产生。这些突变需要诱导DNA损伤的SOS反应,并显示出独特的模式。我们的研究结果表明,通过差异影响产生遗传多样性的两种机制,III-A型CRISPR系统可以调节细菌宿主的进化。
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and mutation are the two major drivers of microbial evolution that enable bacteria to adapt to fluctuating environmental stressors. Clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems use RNA-guided nucleases to direct sequence-specific destruction of the genomes of mobile genetic elements that mediate HGT, such as conjugative plasmids and bacteriophages, limiting bacterial evolvability by this mechanism. A subset of CRISPR systems also display non-specific degradation of DNA; however, whether and how this feature impacts the host has not been explored. Here we show that the non-specific DNase activity of the staphylococcal type III-A CRISPR-Cas system increases mutation of the host and accelerates the generation of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. These mutations require the induction of the SOS response to DNA damage and display a distinct pattern. Our results demonstrate that by differentially affecting both mechanisms that generate genetic diversity, type III-A CRISPR systems can modulate the evolution of the bacterial host.
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