Programmed DNA destruction by miniature CRISPR-Cas14 enzymes.

Programmed DNA destruction by miniature CRISPR-Cas14 enzymes.
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DOI:
10.1126/science.aav4294
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发表时间:
2018-11-16
期刊:
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Doudna JA
Doudna JA
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Harrington LB;Burstein D;Chen JS;Paez-Espino D;Ma E;Witte IP;Cofsky JC;Kyrpides NC;Banfield JF;Doudna JA

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CRISPR-Cas系统为微生物提供了对感染性核酸的适应性免疫,并被广泛用作基因组编辑工具。这些工具利用RNA引导的Cas蛋白,其大尺寸(950-1400个氨基酸)被认为是其特异性DNA或RNA靶向活性所必需的。在这里,我们提出了一组来自未培养古细菌的CRISPR-Cas系统,其中包含Cas 14,这是一个非常紧凑的RNA引导核酸酶家族(400-700个氨基酸)。尽管它们的尺寸很小,但Cas 14蛋白能够靶向单链DNA(ssDNA)切割,而没有限制性序列要求。此外,Cas 14的靶标识别触发ssDNA分子的非特异性切割,这是一种能够实现高保真SNP基因分型(Cas 14-DETECTR)的活性。宏基因组数据显示,多个CRISPR-Cas 14系统独立进化,并表明基于单效应CRISPR的适应性免疫的潜在进化起源。
CRISPR-Cas systems provide microbes with adaptive immunity to infectious nucleic acids and are widely employed as genome editing tools. These tools utilize RNA-guided Cas proteins whose large size (950—1400 amino acids) has been considered essential to their specific DNA- or RNA-targeting activities. Here we present a set of CRISPR-Cas systems from uncultivated archaea that contain Cas14, a family of exceptionally compact RNA-guided nucleases (400—700 amino acids). Despite their small size, Cas14 proteins are capable of targeted single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) cleavage without restrictive sequence requirements. Moreover, target recognition by Cas14 triggers non-specific cutting of ssDNA molecules, an activity that enables high-fidelity SNP genotyping (Cas14-DETECTR). Metagenomic data show that multiple CRISPR-Cas14 systems evolved independently and suggest a potential evolutionary origin of single-effector CRISPR-based adaptive immunity.
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