Satellite simulation software for model assessment
Satellite simulation software for model assessment
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用于模型评估的卫星仿真软件
DOI：
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Klein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
By a. Bodas;M. Webb;S. Klein
通过模拟多个卫星仪器的观测，COSP可以在不同的数值模式中定量评估云，湿度和降水过程。大气的通用环流模式（GCM），包括用于数值天气预报（NWP）和气候预测的模式，其分辨率从几公里到几百公里不等。许多大气过程，如云内的湍流和微物理过程，在较小的尺度上运行，因此无法通过当前的模式分辨率来解决。这些过程包括通过参数化，这是半经验或统计模型，这些子网格过程的网格盒平均变量。例如，一些云参数化诊断云凝结物的量和云占据网格盒的分数（云面积分数）作为网格盒相对湿度（RH）的函数（Slingo 1980; Smith 1990）。这些参数化的公式化对于模型演化是非常重要的，因为它们直接修改温度和湿度的三维结构（例如，冷凝/蒸发）或通过与其它参数化相互作用而间接地（例如，辐射）和大尺度动力学。因此，对这些参数化的评估对于改善我们的天气预报或增加我们对气候预测的信心至关重要。卫星已证明是这方面非常有用的工具，因为它们提供全球或接近全球的覆盖范围，从而提供所有气象条件的代表性样本。然而，卫星并不直接测量那些感兴趣的地球物理量，如云冷凝物的量或相。它们测量来自特定区域和方向的特定波长范围（辐射）的辐射强度。过去和现在的系统所覆盖的波长范围跨越了几个数量级，从
By simulating the observations of multiple satellite instruments, COSP enables quantitative evaluation of clouds, humidity, and precipitation processes in diverse numerical models. G eneral circulation models (GCMs) of the atmosphere, including those used for numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate projections , operate with resolutions from a few kilometers to hundreds of kilometers. Many atmospheric processes , such as turbulence and microphysical processes within clouds, operate at smaller scales and hence cannot be resolved by current model resolutions. These processes are included by means of parameter-izations, which are semiempirical or statistical models that relate gridbox mean variables to these subgrid processes. For instance, some cloud parameterizations diagnose the amount of cloud condensate and the fraction of the grid box that a cloud occupies (cloud area fraction) as a function of the relative humidity (RH) of the grid box (Slingo 1980; Smith 1990). The formulation of these parameterizations is very important for the model evolution because they modify the three-dimensional structure of temperature and humidity directly (e.g., condensation/evaporation) or indirectly by interacting with other parameteriza-tions (e.g., radiation) and the large-scale dynamics. Therefore, the evaluation of these parameterizations is crucial to improving our weather forecasts or increasing our confidence in climate projections. Satellites have proven to be very helpful tools for this purpose because they provide global or near-global coverage, thereby giving a representative sample of all meteorological conditions. However, satellites do not measure directly those geophysical quantities of interest, such as the amount or phase of cloud condensate. They measure the intensity of radiation coming from a particular area and direction in a particular wavelength range (radiances). The range of wavelengths covered by past and current systems spans several orders of magnitude, from
气候变化的水蒸气反馈的一个非常简单的模型
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
Ingram W
通讯作者：
Ingram W
使用激光雷达前向模型对 ICESat 激光雷达和 ECMWF 模型之间的云分数进行全局比较
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Wilkinson J
通讯作者：
Wilkinson J
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Delanoe, Julien;Hogan, Robin J.
通讯作者：
Hogan, Robin J.