Rethinking amnesties: atrocity, accountability and impunity in post-conflict societies

Rethinking amnesties: atrocity, accountability and impunity in post-conflict societies
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重新思考大赦:冲突后社会的暴行、责任和有罪不罚现象

DOI:
10.1080/17450144.2010.534496
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发表时间:
2011
影响因子:
2.4
通讯作者:
Mallinder L
Mallinder L
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mallinder L

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过渡时期司法中宣扬的问责理念往往似乎仅限于起诉和监禁那些参与严重侵犯人权行为的人。大赦被广泛理解为不对不法行为进行惩罚,而许多学者和活动家又将其视为浮士德式契约的典范,这种契约是在摆脱冲突时以政治权宜之计制定的。本文借鉴了一系列跨学科文献以及作者在许多有暴力历史的社会中完成的研究,以大赦作为案例研究,主张对过渡时期司法中的问责制概念进行更全面的质疑。该文件列出了各种形式的交叉问责制,这些问责制在涉及其职权范围、实施和运作的关键“时刻”塑造和界定了特赦。该文件的结论是,将大赦等同于有罪不罚和报应等同于问责的法律主义观点是不准确且具有误导性的。它认为,更广泛的问责视角直接表明大赦有能力在冲突后正义与缔造和平方面发挥更具建设性的作用。
The notion of accountability that is propagated in transitional justice often appears limited to demands for the prosecution and imprisonment of those who have been involved in serious human rights violations. Amnesties, widely understood as the absence of punishment for wrongdoing, are in turn considered by many scholars and activists as an examplepar excellenceof the kind of Faustian pacts which are made in the name of political expediency in transitions from conflict. Drawing from a range of interdisciplinary literature, as well as research completed by the authors in a number of societies with a violent past, this paper uses amnesties as a case study to argue for a more rounded interrogation of the notion of accountability in transitional justice. The paper charts the various forms of intersecting accountability which both shape and delimit amnesties at key ‘moments’ concerning their remit, introduction and operation. The paper concludes that the legalistic view of amnesties as equating to impunity and retribution as accountability is inaccurate and misleading. It argues that a broader perspective of accountability speaks directly to the capacity for amnesties to play a more constructive role in post-conflict justice and peacemaking.
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