Fabrication and characterisation of the graphene ring micro electrode (GRiME) with an integrated, concentric Ag/AgCl reference electrode.
Fabrication and characterisation of the graphene ring micro electrode (GRiME) with an integrated, concentric Ag/AgCl reference electrode.
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DOI：
10.3390/s130303635
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发表时间：
2013-03-14
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Boxall C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dickinson JW;Bromley M;Andrieux FP;Boxall C
我们报道了第一个石墨烯环微电极的制造和表征，并添加了一个微型同心Ag/AgCl参比电极。石墨烯环电极通过用通过改进的Hummers方法生产的石墨烯浸涂光纤来形成。使用已建立的光催化引发的无电沉积（PIED）镀覆方法形成参比电极。使用探针氧化还原系统铁氰化物和使用已建立的电化学方法评估的电极厚度来研究如此形成的石墨烯环微电极（GRiME）和相关联的参比电极的性能。使用直径为220 μm的光纤，获得了对应于>0.999的内外半径比的约15 nm厚的石墨烯环电极，因此允许在数据分析中使用非常薄的环微电极的现有分析描述。GRiME是高度可靠的（在> 3，000次扫描中电流响应不变），同心参比电极显示出相当的稳定性（在>300次扫描中电流响应不变）。此外，微环设计允许有效地使用电化学活性石墨烯边缘位点，并且获得的相关nA级电流巧妙地解决了与未掺杂石墨烯的高电阻率有关的问题。因此，在环形微电极中使用石墨烯提高了现有微电极设计的可靠性，并扩大了石墨烯基电化学装置的使用范围。
We report the fabrication and characterisation of the first graphene ring micro electrodes with the addition of a miniature concentric Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The graphene ring electrode is formed by dip coating fibre optics with graphene produced by a modified Hummers method. The reference electrode is formed using an established photocatalytically initiated electroless deposition (PIED) plating method. The performance of the so-formed graphene ring micro electrodes (GRiMEs) and associated reference electrode is studied using the probe redox system ferricyanide and electrode thicknesses assessed using established electrochemical methods. Using 220 μm diameter fibre optics, a ∼15 nm thick graphene ring electrode is obtained corresponding to an inner to outer radius ratio of >0.999, so allowing for use of extant analytical descriptions of very thin ring microelectrodes in data analysis. GRiMEs are highly reliable (current response invariant over >3,000 scans), with the concentric reference electrode showing comparable stability (current response invariant over >300 scans). Furthermore the micro-ring design allows for efficient use of electrochemically active graphene edge sites and the associated nA scale currents obtained neatly obviate issues relating to the high resistivity of undoped graphene. Thus, the use of graphene in ring microelectrodes improves the reliability of existing micro-electrode designs and expands the range of use of graphene-based electrochemical devices.
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