Why Does the Type of Halogen Atom Matter for the Radiosensitizing Properties of 5-Halogen Substituted 4-Thio-2′-Deoxyuridines?

Why Does the Type of Halogen Atom Matter for the Radiosensitizing Properties of 5-Halogen Substituted 4-Thio-2′-Deoxyuridines?
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为什么卤素原子的类型对于 5-卤素取代的 4-硫代-2-脱氧尿苷的放射增敏特性很重要?

DOI:
10.3390/molecules24152819
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
J. Rak
J. Rak
中科院分区:
化学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Paulina Spisz;Magdalena Zdrowowicz;Samanta Makurat;Witold Kozak;Konrad Skotnicki;K. Bobrowski;J. Rak

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取代尿苷的放射增敏特性对于放射治疗非常重要。最近,我们证实 5-iodo-4-thio-2'-deoxyuridine (ISdU) 是一种有效的药物,可以增加电离辐射杀死肿瘤细胞的程度。令我们惊讶的是,4-硫代-2'-脱氧尿苷的类似衍生物5-溴-4-硫代-2'-脱氧尿苷(BrSdU)根本不显示放射增敏特性。为了解释这种显着差异,我们进行了放射分解(静态和脉冲)和量子化学研究,这使得所有放射性产品的路径得以合理化。与 ISdU 溶液相比,放射分解产生 4-硫代-2’-脱氧尿苷及其二聚体,而 BrSdU 没有观察到解离电子附着 (DEA) 产物。这一观察结果似乎解释了 BrSdU 缺乏放射增敏特性的原因,因为通过电子附着到修饰的核苷诱导的尿苷-5-基自由基的有效形成被认为是放射增敏尿苷的不可或缺的属性。与 ISdU 相比,BrSdU 中 DEA 的激活势垒更大,这可能是前一个系统中 DEA 通道关闭的原因。事实上,除了 DEA 之外,XSdU 阴离子可能会发生竞争性质子化,这使得 X− 的释放在动力学上被禁止。
Radiosensitizing properties of substituted uridines are of great importance for radiotherapy. Very recently, we confirmed 5-iodo-4-thio-2′-deoxyuridine (ISdU) as an efficient agent, increasing the extent of tumor cell killing with ionizing radiation. To our surprise, a similar derivative of 4-thio-2’-deoxyuridine, 5-bromo-4-thio-2′-deoxyuridine (BrSdU), does not show radiosensitizing properties at all. In order to explain this remarkable difference, we carried out a radiolytic (stationary and pulse) and quantum chemical studies, which allowed the pathways to all radioproducts to be rationalized. In contrast to ISdU solutions, where radiolysis leads to 4-thio-2’-deoxyuridine and its dimer, no dissociative electron attachment (DEA) products were observed for BrSdU. This observation seems to explain the lack of radiosensitizing properties of BrSdU since the efficient formation of the uridine-5-yl radical, induced by electron attachment to the modified nucleoside, is suggested to be an indispensable attribute of radiosensitizing uridines. A larger activation barrier for DEA in BrSdU, as compared to ISdU, is probably responsible for the closure of DEA channel in the former system. Indeed, besides DEA, the XSdU anions may undergo competitive protonation, which makes the release of X− kinetically forbidden.
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