Community structure and activity of a highly dynamic and nutrient-limited hypersaline microbial mat in Um Alhool Sabkha, Qatar.
Community structure and activity of a highly dynamic and nutrient-limited hypersaline microbial mat in Um Alhool Sabkha, Qatar.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0092405
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
de Beer D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Al-Thani R;Al-Najjar MA;Al-Raei AM;Ferdelman T;Thang NM;Al Shaikh I;Al-Ansi M;de Beer D
卡塔尔的Um Alhool地区是一个动态的蒸发生态系统，因为它被沙丘包围，所以从下面接收海水。研究了光合垫的化学组成、微生物活性和生物多样性。叶绿素a（Chl a）浓度和分布（分别通过HPLC和高光谱成像测量）、藻蓝蛋白分布（通过高光谱成像扫描）、产氧光合作用（通过微传感器测定）以及光合微生物的丰度（来自16 S和18 S rRNA测序）随着真光层（L1）的深度而降低。入射辐照度在同一区域呈指数衰减，在1.7 mm深度处达到1%。变形菌占所有层的垫（24%-42%的鉴定的细菌）。不含氧光合细菌（占主导地位的Chloroflexus）是最丰富的第三红色层的垫（L3），证明了细菌叶绿素的光谱特征以及测序。深黑色层（L4）主要是硫酸盐还原细菌属于Deltaproteobacteria，这是负责高硫酸盐还原率（使用35 S示踪剂测量）。盐生菌在各层中均占优势（92%-97%），而线虫是主要的真核生物（高达87%）。Um Alhool垫的初级生产率与其他高盐微生物垫的初级生产率相似。然而，硫酸盐还原率相对较低，表明氧呼吸比硫酸盐还原更有助于有机物质的降解，因为生物扰动。虽然Um Alhool高盐垫是一个营养有限的生态系统，但它是有趣的动态和遗传高度多样性。它的所有组成部分都以高效和同步的方式工作，以弥补正常洪水期间营养供应的不足。
The Um Alhool area in Qatar is a dynamic evaporative ecosystem that receives seawater from below as it is surrounded by sand dunes. We investigated the chemical composition, the microbial activity and biodiversity of the four main layers (L1–L4) in the photosynthetic mats. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration and distribution (measured by HPLC and hyperspectral imaging, respectively), the phycocyanin distribution (scanned with hyperspectral imaging), oxygenic photosynthesis (determined by microsensor), and the abundance of photosynthetic microorganisms (from 16S and 18S rRNA sequencing) decreased with depth in the euphotic layer (L1). Incident irradiance exponentially attenuated in the same zone reaching 1% at 1.7-mm depth. Proteobacteria dominated all layers of the mat (24%–42% of the identified bacteria). Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria (dominated by Chloroflexus) were most abundant in the third red layer of the mat (L3), evidenced by the spectral signature of Bacteriochlorophyll as well as by sequencing. The deep, black layer (L4) was dominated by sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the Deltaproteobacteria, which were responsible for high sulfate reduction rates (measured using 35S tracer). Members of Halobacteria were the dominant Archaea in all layers of the mat (92%–97%), whereas Nematodes were the main Eukaryotes (up to 87%). Primary productivity rates of Um Alhool mat were similar to those of other hypersaline microbial mats. However, sulfate reduction rates were relatively low, indicating that oxygenic respiration contributes more to organic material degradation than sulfate reduction, because of bioturbation. Although Um Alhool hypersaline mat is a nutrient-limited ecosystem, it is interestingly dynamic and phylogenetically highly diverse. All its components work in a highly efficient and synchronized way to compensate for the lack of nutrient supply provided during regular inundation periods.
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