Context-dependent generalization.
Context-dependent generalization.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2013.00171
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Ivry RB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taylor JA;Ivry RB
运动学习后的泛化模式可以为学习的神经机制提供一个新的思路。例如，在视觉运动适应有限空间区域中的目标后，对未经训练的空间区域的泛化广度归因于运动系统中神经元的方向调谐特性。基于这一想法，不同类型的扰动对泛化的影响（例如，旋转对视觉平移）归因于差异调谐群体的选择。在此讨论中忽略了训练环境的上下文如何约束泛化的考虑。在这里，我们通过让参与者在两个不同的上下文中学习视觉旋转或平移来探索上下文的作用，一个是目标阵列以圆形排列呈现，另一个是它们以直线排列呈现。扰动和环境要么是一致的（例如，以圆形布置旋转）或不一致（例如，具有直线布置的旋转）。整个工作空间的泛化模式更多地依赖于环境的上下文，而不是扰动，对于两种类型的扰动，直线排列具有广泛的泛化。此外，这种情况下的泛化模式是显而易见的，即使是在扰动是以渐进的方式引入的，排除了使用明确的策略。我们描述了如何修改目前的模型的泛化可能会将这些结果，建立在这样一个想法，即背景提供了一个强大的偏见如何运动系统推断的性质的视觉扰动，反过来，如何影响模式的泛化。
The pattern of generalization following motor learning can provide a probe on the neural mechanisms underlying learning. For example, the breadth of generalization to untrained regions of space after visuomotor adaptation to targets in a restricted region of space has been attributed to the directional tuning properties of neurons in the motor system. Building on this idea, the effect of different types of perturbations on generalization (e.g., rotation vs. visual translation) have been attributed to the selection of differentially tuned populations. Overlooked in this discussion is consideration of how the context of the training environment may constrain generalization. Here, we explore the role of context by having participants learn a visuomotor rotation or a translational shift in two different contexts, one in which the array of targets were presented in a circular arrangement and the other in which they were presented in a rectilinear arrangement. The perturbation and environments were either consistent (e.g., rotation with circular arrangement) or inconsistent (e.g., rotation with rectilinear arrangement). The pattern of generalization across the workspace was much more dependent on the context of the environment than on the perturbation, with broad generalization for the rectilinear arrangement for both types of perturbations. Moreover, the generalization pattern for this context was evident, even when the perturbation was introduced in a gradual manner, precluding the use of an explicit strategy. We describe how current models of generalization might be modified to incorporate these results, building on the idea that context provides a strong bias for how the motor system infers the nature of the visuomotor perturbation and, in turn, how this information influences the pattern of generalization.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
2
作者：
Shabbott, Britne A.;Sainburg, Robert L.
通讯作者：
Sainburg, Robert L.
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
McNevin, NH;Wulf, G;Carlson, C
通讯作者：
Carlson, C
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Poggio, T;Bizzi, E
通讯作者：
Bizzi, E
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Taylor, Jordan A.;Hieber, Laura L.;Ivry, Richard B.
通讯作者：
Ivry, Richard B.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Mechsner, F;Kerzel, D;Prinz, W
通讯作者：
Prinz, W